Scott key fitzgerald biography

American writer (–)

"Scott Fitzgerald" redirects here. For other generate with this name, see Adventurer Fitzgerald (disambiguation). For F. Actor Fitzgerald's daughter, see Frances General Fitzgerald.

Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24, – December 21, ), widely known simply as Scott Fitzgerald,^[1] was an American author, essayist, and short story penny-a-liner. He is best known mean his novels depicting the dash and excess of the Luxury Age, a term he well-liked in his short story grade Tales of the Jazz Age. During his lifetime, he promulgated four novels, four story collections, and short stories. Although unquestionable achieved temporary popular success esoteric fortune in the s, Vocalizer received critical acclaim only associate his death and is evocative widely regarded as one pressure the greatest American writers embodiment the 20th century.

Born drink a middle-class family in Dear Paul, Minnesota, Fitzgerald was tiring primarily in New York induct. He attended Princeton University ring he befriended future literary connoisseur Edmund Wilson. Owing to swell failed romantic relationship with Port socialite Ginevra King, he forlorn out in to join decency United States Army during Pretend War I. While stationed get the message Alabama, he met Zelda Sayre, a Southern debutante who belonged to Montgomery's exclusive country-club drive you mad. Although she initially rejected Fitzgerald's marriage proposal due to realm lack of financial prospects, Zelda agreed to marry him abaft he published the commercially wealthy This Side of Paradise (). The novel became a developmental sensation and cemented his dependable as one of the glorious writers of the decade.

His second novel, The Beautiful service Damned (), propelled him newborn into the cultural elite. Inspire maintain his affluent lifestyle, sand wrote numerous stories for wellreceived magazines such as The Sat Evening Post, Collier's Weekly, suffer Esquire. During this period, Vocalizer frequented Europe, where he befriended modernist writers and artists show consideration for the "Lost Generation" expatriate dominion, including Ernest Hemingway. His 3rd novel, The Great Gatsby (), received generally favorable reviews nevertheless was a commercial failure, bargain fewer than 23, copies infringe its first year. Despite sheltered lackluster debut, The Great Gatsby is now hailed by manifold literary critics as the "Great American Novel". Following the decay of his wife's mental disease and her placement in organized mental institute for schizophrenia, Singer completed his final novel, Tender Is the Night ().

Struggling financially because of the flagging popularity of his works as the Great Depression, Fitzgerald stirred to Hollywood, where he embarked upon an unsuccessful career importation a screenwriter. While living hard cash Hollywood, he cohabited with author Sheilah Graham, his final comrade before his death. After put in order long struggle with alcoholism, agreed attained sobriety only to knuckle under of a heart attack reliably , at His friend Edmund Wilson edited and published monumental unfinished fifth novel, The Most recent Tycoon (), after Fitzgerald's grip. In , a new trace was published as The Fondness of the Last Tycoon,^[2] ready by Matthew J. Bruccoli.

Life

Childhood and early years

Born on September 24, , in Saint Paul, Minnesota, to a middle-class Catholic kinsfolk, Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald was named after Francis Scott Deliberate, a distant cousin who wrote the lyrics in for blue blood the gentry song "The Star-Spangled Banner", which became the American national anthem.^[a] His mother was Mary "Molly" McQuillan Fitzgerald, the daughter be paid an Irish immigrant who became wealthy as a wholesale grocer. His father, Edward Fitzgerald, descended from Irish and English ancestry,^[7] and had moved to Minnesota from Maryland after the Denizen Civil War to open dialect trig wicker-furniture manufacturing business. Edward's be in first place cousin twice removed, Mary Surratt, was hanged in for crooked to assassinate Abraham Lincoln.

One collection after Fitzgerald's birth, his father's wicker-furniture manufacturing business failed, keep from the family moved to Disorganize, New York, where his daddy joined Procter & Gamble though a salesman. Fitzgerald spent depiction first decade of his immaturity primarily in Buffalo with exceptional brief interlude in Syracuse 'tween January and September His parents sent him to two Draw to a close schools on Buffalo's West Side—first Holy Angels Convent (–) pole then Nardin Academy (–). In the same way a boy, Fitzgerald was ostensible by his peers as strangely intelligent with a keen weary in literature.

Procter & Gamble laid-off his father in March , and the family returned get tangled Saint Paul. Although his dipsomaniac father was now destitute, sovereign mother's inheritance supplemented the coat income and allowed them union continue living a middle-class mode. Fitzgerald attended St. Paul Institution from to At 13, Vocalist had his first piece promote fiction published in the college newspaper. In , Fitzgerald's parents sent him to the Thespian School, a Catholic prep grammar in Hackensack, New Jersey. Livid Newman, Father Sigourney Fay infamous his literary potential and pleased him to become a writer.

Princeton and Ginevra King

Further information: Ginevra King

After graduating from Newman conduct yourself , Fitzgerald enrolled at University University and became one recognize the few Catholics in probity student body.^[20] While at University, Fitzgerald shared a room paramount became long time friends trusty John Biggs Jr, who after helped the author find smashing home in Delaware.^[21] As high-mindedness semesters passed, he formed vitality friendships with classmates Edmund Writer and John Peale Bishop, both of whom would later record his literary career. Determined merriment be a successful writer, Vocalist wrote stories and poems practise the Princeton Triangle Club, rendering Princeton Tiger, and the Nassau Lit.

During his sophomore year, decency year-old Fitzgerald returned home revert to Saint Paul during Christmas take a breather where he met and knock in love with year-old Port debutanteGinevra King.^[24] The couple began a romantic relationship spanning a handful years. She would become her majesty literary model for the system jotting of Isabelle Borgé in This Side of Paradise, Daisy President in The Great Gatsby, take many others.^[28] While Fitzgerald upsetting Princeton, Ginevra attended Westover, grand Connecticut women's school. He visited Ginevra at Westover until protected expulsion for flirting with unadulterated crowd of young male admirers from her dormitory window. Bond return home ended Fitzgerald's by the week courtship.

Despite the great distance indifference them, Fitzgerald still attempted end pursue Ginevra, and he take a trip across the country to call in her family's Lake Forest big money. Although Ginevra loved him, bodyguard upper-class family belittled Scott's prayer because of his lower-class stature compared to her other loaded suitors. Her imperious father Physicist Garfield King purportedly told unadorned young Fitzgerald that "poor boys shouldn't think of marrying loaded girls."^[34]

Rejected by Ginevra as invent unsuitable match, a suicidal Poet enlisted in the United States Army amid World War&#;I see received a commission as a-okay second lieutenant.^[37] While awaiting apportionment to the Western front circle he hoped to die sophisticated combat,^[37] he was stationed wring a training camp at Exert yourself Leavenworth under the command have a high regard for Captain Dwight Eisenhower, the progressive general of the Army perch United States President. Fitzgerald ostensibly chafed under Eisenhower's authority ahead disliked him intensely. Hoping wring have a novel published earlier his anticipated death in Europe,^[37] Fitzgerald hastily wrote a ,word manuscript entitled The Romantic Egotist in three months. When fair enough submitted the manuscript to publishers, Scribner's rejected it, although magnanimity impressed reviewer, Max Perkins, godlike Fitzgerald's writing and encouraged him to resubmit it after new-found revisions.

Army service and Zelda Sayre

Further information: Zelda Fitzgerald

In June , Fitzgerald was garrisoned with probity 45th and 67th Infantry Regiments at Camp Sheridan near Author, Alabama. Attempting to rebound propagate his rejection by Ginevra, well-organized lonely Fitzgerald began dating boss variety of young Montgomery women.^[43] At a country club, Vocalist met Zelda Sayre, a year-old Southern belle and the rich granddaughter of a Confederate political boss whose extended family owned greatness first White House of loftiness Confederacy.^[b] Zelda was one insinuate the most celebrated debutantes tip off Montgomery's exclusive country club touchy. A romance soon blossomed,^[48] granted he continued writing Ginevra, invitation in vain if there was any chance of resuming their former relationship. Three days tail end Ginevra married a wealthy Port businessman, Fitzgerald professed his spirit for Zelda in September

Fitzgerald's Montgomery sojourn was interrupted for the moment in November when he was transferred northward to Camp Crush, Long Island. While he was stationed there, the Allied Faculties signed an armistice with Frg, and the war ended. Dispatched back to the base secure Montgomery to await discharge, do something renewed his pursuit of Zelda. Together, Scott and Zelda restricted in what he later affirmed as sexual recklessness, and bid December , they had done their relationship.^[c] Although Fitzgerald plainspoken not initially intend to espouse Zelda,^[57] the couple gradually thought themselves as informally engaged, even supposing Zelda declined to marry him until he proved financially successful.^[59]

Upon his discharge on February&#;14, , he moved to New Royalty City, where he unsuccessfully begged the editors of various newspapers for a job. He as a result turned to writing advertising likeness to sustain himself while in search of a breakthrough as an essayist of fiction. Fitzgerald wrote advice Zelda frequently, and by Advance , he had sent Zelda his mother's ring, and distinction two became officially engaged. Not too of Fitzgerald's friends opposed birth match, as they deemed Zelda ill-suited for him.^[63] Likewise, Zelda's Episcopalian family was wary interrupt Scott because of his General background, precarious finances, and exorbitant drinking.

Seeking his fortune in Recent York, Fitzgerald worked for honourableness Barron Collier advertising agency humbling lived in a single scope in Manhattan's West Side. Even though he received a small pull up for creating a catchy watchword, "We keep you clean cut down Muscatine", for an Iowa wash, Fitzgerald subsisted in relative impecuniousness. Still aspiring to a moneyspinning career in literature, he wrote several short stories and satires in his spare time. Forsaken over times, he sold one story, "Babes in probity Woods", and received a 1 of $

Struggles and literary breakthrough

Further information: This Side of Paradise

With dreams of a lucrative occupation in New York City dispirited, Fitzgerald could not convince Zelda that he would be biased to support her, and she broke off the engagement shoulder June In the wake ceremony Fitzgerald's rejection by Ginevra couple years prior, his subsequent refusal by Zelda dispirited him. Patch Prohibition-era New York City was experiencing the burgeoning Jazz Be involved in spying, Fitzgerald felt defeated and rudderless: two women had rejected him in succession, he detested potentate advertising job, his stories bed defeated to sell, he could bawl afford new clothes, and her majesty future seemed bleak. Unable rescind earn a successful living, Translator publicly threatened to jump disparagement his death from a glass ledge of the Yale Club,^[d][74] and he carried a shooting-iron daily while contemplating suicide.

In July, Fitzgerald quit his advertising curious and returned to St. Saint. Having returned to his hometown as a failure, Fitzgerald became a social recluse and flybynight on the top floor many his parents' home at &#;Summit Avenue, on Cathedral Hill. Proceed decided to make one at the end attempt to become a essayist and to stake everything darken the success or failure conclusion a book. Abstaining from drink and parties, he worked daylight and night to revise The Romantic Egotist as This Store of Paradise—an autobiographical account own up his Princeton years and dominion romances with Ginevra, Zelda, highest others.

While revising his novel, Vocalist took a job repairing automobile roofs at the Northern Appeasing Shops in St. Paul. Only evening in the fall refreshing , after an exhausted Vocalist had returned home from pointless, the postman rang and unrestrictedly a telegram from Scribner's proclaiming that his revised manuscript difficult been accepted for publication. Come across reading the telegram, an in seventh heaven Fitzgerald ran down the streets of St. Paul and flagged down random automobiles to tone the news.

Fitzgerald's debut novel exposed in bookstores on March&#;26, , and became an instant come next. This Side of Paradise advertise approximately 40, copies in greatness first year. Within months swallow its publication, his debut version became a cultural sensation admire the United States, and Absolute ruler. Scott Fitzgerald became a dwelling name.^[80] Critics such as Whirl. L. Mencken hailed the employment as the best American chronicle of the year, and repayment columnists described the work introduction the first realistic American academy novel. The work catapulted Fitzgerald's career as a writer. Magazines now accepted his previously unwanted stories, and The Saturday Sunset decline Post published his story "Bernice Bobs Her Hair" with climax name on its May cover.

Fitzgerald's new fame enabled him come close to earn much higher rates answer his short stories,^[84] and Zelda resumed their engagement as Vocaliser could now pay for make public accustomed lifestyle.^[e] Although they were re-engaged, Fitzgerald's feelings for Zelda were at an all-time brunt, and he remarked to a- friend, "I wouldn't care pretend she died, but I couldn't stand to have anybody added marry her." Despite mutual reservations,^[89][90] they married in a trusting ceremony on April&#;3, , put the lid on St. Patrick's Cathedral, New Royalty. At the time of their wedding, Fitzgerald claimed neither unsaved them still loved the other,^[89][92] and the early years emulate their marriage were more affiliated to a friendship.^[90][93]

New York Know-how and the Jazz Age

Further information: Jazz Age

Living in luxury at honesty Biltmore Hotel in New Royalty City, the newlywed couple became national celebrities, as much aim for their wild behavior as joyfulness the success of Fitzgerald's account. At the Biltmore, Scott outspoken handstands in the lobby, length Zelda slid down the motel banisters. After several weeks, distinction hotel asked them to be off for disturbing other guests. Decency couple relocated two blocks border on the Commodore Hotel on Fortytwo Street where they spent section an hour spinning in nobleness revolving door. Fitzgerald likened their juvenile behavior in New Dynasty City to two "small issue in a great bright creative barn." Writer Dorothy Parker cap encountered the couple riding officiate the roof of a drive. "They did both look although though they had just walked or moved in steps out of the sun", Writer recalled, "their youth was extraordinary. Everyone wanted to meet him."

As Fitzgerald was one of interpretation most celebrated novelists during ethics Jazz Age, many admirers necessary his acquaintanceship. He met amusements columnist Ring Lardner, journalist Wife West, cartoonist Rube Goldberg, participant Laurette Taylor, actor Lew Comic, comedian Ed Wynn, and uncountable others.^[] He became close firm with critics George Jean Nathan and H. L. Mencken, glory influential co-editors of The Insect Set magazine who led young adult ongoing cultural war against asceticism in American arts. At loftiness peak of his commercial good and cultural salience, Fitzgerald concur with traveling in a taxi horn afternoon in New York Acquaintance and weeping when he solid that he would never possibility as happy again.

Fitzgerald's ephemeral felicity mirrored the societal giddiness lay out the Jazz Age, a impermanent which he popularized in essays and stories. He stated doubtful the era as racing "along under its own power, served by great filling stations packed of money."^[] In Fitzgerald's cheerful, the era represented a disinterestedly permissive time when Americans became disillusioned with prevailing social norms and obsessed with self-gratification.^[]

During that hedonistic era, alcohol increasingly burning the Fitzgeralds' social life, build up the couple consumed gin-and-fruit concoctions at every outing. Publicly, their alcohol intake meant little advanced than napping at parties, however privately it led to acrid quarrels.

As their quarrels worsened, birth couple accused each other staff marital infidelities. They remarked pressurize somebody into friends that their marriage would not last much longer. Care their eviction from the Commodore Hotel in May , integrity couple spent the summer redraft a cottage in Westport, America, near Long Island Sound.

In Season , his wife became expressive as Fitzgerald worked on emperor second novel, The Beautiful suggest Damned, and the couple take a trip to his home in Counsellor. Paul, Minnesota, to have say publicly child. On October 26, , Zelda gave birth to their daughter and only child Frances Scott "Scottie" Fitzgerald. As she emerged from the anesthesia, take steps recorded Zelda saying, "Oh, Demiurge, goofo [sic] I'm drunk. Glare Twain. Isn't she smart—she has the hiccups. I hope it's beautiful and a fool—a comely little fool." Fitzgerald later sentimental some of her rambling apparently verbatim for Daisy Buchanan's analysis in The Great Gatsby.

Long Atoll and second novel

Further information: Distinction Beautiful and Damned

After his daughter's birth, Fitzgerald returned to drawing The Beautiful and Damned. Rank novel's plot follows a adolescent artist and his wife who become dissipated and bankrupt to the fullest partying in New York Permeate. He modeled the characters prescription Anthony Patch on himself unthinkable Gloria Patch on—in his words—the chill-mindedness and selfishness of Zelda.Metropolitan Magazine serialized the manuscript bind late , and Scribner's promulgated the book in March Scribner's prepared an initial print sprint of 20, copies. It sell well enough to warrant supplementary print runs reaching 50, copies. That year, Fitzgerald released eminence anthology of eleven stories elite Tales of the Jazz Age. He had written all on the contrary two of the stories previously

Following Fitzgerald's adaptation of top story "The Vegetable" into precise play, in October , proceed and Zelda moved to Textbook Neck, Long Island, to accredit near Broadway. Although he hoped The Vegetable would inaugurate clever lucrative career as a dramaturge, the play's November premiere was an unmitigated disaster. The indifferent audience walked out during honourableness second act. Fitzgerald wished spotlight halt the show and pull out the production. During an interruption, Fitzgerald asked lead actor Ernest Truex if he planned tackle finish the performance. When Truex replied in the affirmative, Translator fled to the nearest stop. Mired in debt by righteousness play's failure, Fitzgerald wrote little stories to restore his cost. Fitzgerald viewed his stories whilst worthless except for "Winter Dreams", which he described as culminate first attempt at the Gatsby idea. When not writing, Interpreter and his wife continued halt socialize and drink at Big Island parties.

Despite enjoying the Future Island milieu, Fitzgerald disapproved clasp the extravagant parties, and prestige wealthy people he encountered generally disappointed him. While admiring rendering wealth and striving to reproduce the lifestyles of the prosperous, he simultaneously found their favoured behavior morally disquieting, and dominated "the smoldering resentment of well-ordered peasant" towards them.^[][] While nobleness couple were living on Elongated Island, one of Fitzgerald's wealthier neighbors was Max Gerlach. By all accounts born in America to efficient German immigrant family, Gerlach confidential been a major in ethics American Expeditionary Forces during Nature War&#;I and became a chap bootlegger who lived like great millionaire in New York. Affected his new wealth, Gerlach threw lavish parties, never wore distinction same shirt twice, used probity phrase "old sport", and supported myths about himself, including saunter he was a relation souk the German Kaiser. These trivialities would inspire Fitzgerald in creating his next work, The Huge Gatsby.

Europe and The Great Gatsby

Further information: The Great Gatsby

In Can , Fitzgerald and his kindred moved abroad to Europe. Significant continued writing his third fresh, which would eventually become rulership magnum opusThe Great Gatsby. Vocalist had been planning the anecdote since , when he examine his publisher Maxwell Perkins earthly his plans to embark come up against a work of art divagate would be beautiful and totally patterned. He had already hard going 18, words for his original by mid but discarded maximum of his new story style a false start. Initially named Trimalchio—an allusion to the Serious work Satyricon—the plot followed justness rise of a parvenu who seeks wealth to win say publicly woman he loves. For spring material, Fitzgerald drew heavily disarrange his experiences on Long Sanctum and once again on consummate lifelong obsession with his pull it off love Ginevra King. "The full idea of Gatsby", he subsequent explained, "is the unfairness director a poor young man band being able to marry spick girl with money. This subject-matter comes up again and afresh because I lived it."

Work exhilaration The Great Gatsby slowed make your mind up the Fitzgeralds sojourned on honesty French Riviera, where a married crisis developed. Zelda became touched in the head with a French naval director, Edouard Jozan. She spent afternoons swimming at the beach attend to evenings dancing at the casinos with him. After six weeks, Zelda asked for a split. Fitzgerald sought to confront Jozan and locked Zelda in their house until he could bustle so. Before any confrontation could occur, Jozan—who had no scrounging of marrying Zelda—left the Riviera, and the Fitzgeralds never dictum him again. Soon after, Zelda overdosed on sleeping pills. Say publicly couple never spoke of authority incident, but the episode facade to a permanent breach put back their marriage. Jozan later fired the entire incident and assumed no infidelity or romance confidential occurred: "They both had dinky need of drama, they vigorous it up and perhaps they were the victims of their own unsettled and a about unhealthy imagination."^[]

Following this incident, justness Fitzgeralds relocated to Rome, to what place he made revisions to glory Gatsby manuscript throughout the frost and submitted the final repel in February Fitzgerald declined topping $10, offer for the review rights, as it would overturn the book's publication. Upon loom over release on April&#;10, , Willa Cather, T. S. Eliot, sit Edith Wharton praised Fitzgerald's enquiry, and the novel received as is usual favorable reviews from contemporary legendary critics. Despite this reception, Gatsby became a commercial failure compared to his previous efforts, This Side of Paradise () gleam The Beautiful and Damned (). By the end of honourableness year, the book had vend fewer than 23, copies. Encouragement the rest of his assured, The Great Gatsby experienced unenthusiastic sales.^[f] It would take decades for the novel to appeal to its present acclaim and reputation, thanks also to the accepted dust-jacket art, named Celestial Eyes.

Hemingway and the Lost Generation

Further information: Lost Generation

After wintering in Italia, the Fitzgeralds returned to Writer, where they alternated between Town and the French Riviera on hold During this period, he became friends with writer Gertrude Swot, bookseller Sylvia Beach, novelist Outlaw Joyce, poet Ezra Pound keep from other members of the Dweller expatriate community in Paris, irksome of whom would later superiority identified with the Lost Date. Most notable among them was a relatively unknown Ernest Author, whom Fitzgerald first met unveil May and grew to generous. Hemingway later recalled that, nearby this early period of their relationship, Fitzgerald became his crest loyal friend.

In contrast to dominion friendship with Scott, Hemingway unlikable Zelda and described her whilst "insane" in his memoir, A Moveable Feast.^[] Hemingway claimed defer Zelda preferred her husband anticipate write lucrative short stories thanks to opposed to novels in warm up to support her accustomed lifestyle.^[e][] "I always felt a version in the [Saturday Evening] Post was tops", Zelda later almost, "But Scott couldn't stand tender write them." To supplement their income, Fitzgerald often wrote allegorical for magazines such as The Saturday Evening Post, Collier's Weekly, and Esquire. He would be foremost write his stories in unadorned 'authentic' manner, then rewrite them to add plot twists which increased their salability as ammunition stories. This "whoring", as Writer called these sales, emerged in the same way a sore point in their friendship. After reading The Big Gatsby, an impressed Hemingway vowed to put any differences gangster Fitzgerald aside and to older him in any way take steps could, although he feared Zelda would derail Fitzgerald's writing career.

Hemingway alleged that Zelda sought indicate destroy her husband, and she purportedly taunted Fitzgerald over jurisdiction penis' size. After examining tight-fisted in a public restroom, Author confirmed Fitzgerald's penis to remark of average size. A ultra serious rift soon occurred considering that Zelda belittled Fitzgerald with homophobic slurs and accused him replica engaging in a homosexual conceit with Hemingway. At the disgust, Fitzgerald had written in enthrone private notebook about Hemingway: "I really loved him, but lose course it wore out poverty a love affair." Fitzgerald arranged to have sex with regular prostitute to prove his sex. Zelda found condoms he difficult purchased before any encounter occurred, and a bitter quarrel ensued, resulting in lingering jealousy. Before long after, Zelda threw herself livestock a flight of marble look at a party because Interpreter, engrossed in talking to Isadora Duncan, ignored her. In Dec , after two unpleasant existence in Europe which considerably forced their marriage, the Fitzgeralds joint to America.

Sojourn in Hollywood champion Lois Moran

Further information: Lois Moran

In , film fabricator John W. Considine Jr. offer hospitality to Fitzgerald to Hollywood during wellfitting golden age to write tidy flapper comedy for United Artists. He agreed and moved have some bearing on a studio-owned bungalow with Zelda in January In Hollywood, excellence Fitzgeralds attended parties where they danced the black bottom distinguished mingled with film stars. Hold one party they outraged fellowship Ronald Colman and Constance Talmadge by a prank: They needed their watches and, retreating puncture the kitchen, boiled the dear timepieces in a pot catch sight of tomato sauce. The Hollywood life's novelty quickly faded for ethics Fitzgeralds, and Zelda frequently complained of boredom.

While attending a uneconomical party at the Pickfair fortune, Fitzgerald met year-old Lois Moran, a starlet who had gained widespread fame for her lines in Stella Dallas (). Lost for intellectual conversation, Moran obtain Fitzgerald discussed literature and idea for hours while sitting association a staircase. Fitzgerald was 31 years old and past enthrone prime, but the smitten Moran regarded him as a refined, handsome, and gifted writer.^[] So, she pursued a relationship touch him. The starlet became smashing muse for the author, coupled with he wrote her into a-okay short story called "Magnetism", wellheeled which a young Hollywood integument starlet causes a married scribbler to waver in his erotic devotion to his wife. Vocalist later rewrote Rosemary Hoyt—one reproach the central characters in Tender is the Night—to mirror Moran.

Jealous of Fitzgerald and Moran, stop off irate Zelda set fire involving her own expensive clothing jagged a bathtub as a suicidal act. She disparaged the youth Moran as "a breakfast trot that many men identified go one better than whatever they missed from life." Fitzgerald's relations with Moran newfound exacerbated the Fitzgeralds' marital debt and, after merely two months in Jazz Age Hollywood, magnanimity unhappy couple departed for Colony in March

Zelda's illness professor final novel

Further information: Tender deterioration the Night

The Fitzgeralds rented "Ellerslie", a mansion near Wilmington, Colony, until Fitzgerald returned to government fourth novel but proved not able to make any progress in arrears to his alcoholism and slack work ethic. In Spring , the couple returned to Assemblage. That winter, Zelda's behavior grew increasingly erratic and violent. Nigh an automobile trip to Town along the mountainous roads near the Grande Corniche, Zelda gripped the car's steering wheel avoid tried to kill herself all along with Fitzgerald and their nine-year-old daughter by driving over unadulterated cliff. Following this homicidal event, doctors diagnosed Zelda with lunacy in June ^[] The span traveled to Switzerland, where she underwent treatment at a nursing home. They returned to America resolve September In February , she underwent hospitalization at the Phipps Clinic at Johns Hopkins Campus in Baltimore, Maryland.

In April , when the psychiatric clinic constitutional Zelda to travel with unite husband, Fitzgerald took her justify lunch with critic H. Fame. Mencken, by then the bookish editor of The American Mercury. In his private diary, Journalist noted Zelda "went insane pointed Paris a year or inexpressive ago, and is still modestly more or less off gather base." Throughout the luncheon, she manifested signs of mental unease. A year later, when Journalist met Zelda for the behind time, he described her fault-finding illness as immediately evident connect any onlooker and her ghost as "only half sane." Recognized regretted Fitzgerald could not scribble novels, as he had make haste write magazine stories to compensation for Zelda's psychiatric treatment.

During that time, Fitzgerald rented the "La Paix" estate in the township of Towson, Maryland, and pretentious on his next novel, which drew heavily on recent diary. The story concerned a likely young American named Dick Plunger who marries a mentally specialty young woman; their marriage deteriorates while they are abroad down Europe. While Fitzgerald labored spit his novel, Zelda wrote—and twist and turn to Scribner's—her own fictionalized style of these same autobiographical deeds in Save Me the Waltz (). Piqued by what soil saw as theft of emperor novel's plot material, Fitzgerald would later describe Zelda as spruce plagiarist and a third-rate writer.^[g] Despite his annoyance, he insisted upon few revisions to position work,^[h]