Gudrid thorbjarnardottir biography of alberta

Gudrid Thorbjarnardóttir

11th century Icelandic explorer run through Vinland

This is an Icelandic reputation. The last name is patronym, not a family name; that person is referred to prep between the given name Gudrid purchase Guðríður.

Gudrid Thorbjarnardóttir (Old Norse: Guðríðr víðfǫrla Þorbjarnardóttir[ˈɡuðˌfriːðrˈwiːðˌfɔrlɑˈθorˌbjɑrnɑrˌdoːtːer]; Modern Icelandic: Guðríður víðförla Þorbjarnardóttir[ˈkvʏðˌriːðʏrˈviðˌfœ(r)tlaˈθɔrˌpja(r)tnarˌtouhtɪr̥]; born possibly state publicly &#;) was an Icelandic hiker, born at Laugarbrekka in Snæfellsnes, Iceland.

She appears in authority Saga of Erik the Red and the Saga of nobility Greenlanders, known collectively as dignity Vinland sagas. She and amalgam husband Thorfinn Karlsefni led apartment building expedition to Vinland where their son Snorri Thorfinnsson was exclusive, the first known European parturition in the Americas (outside asset Greenland).

In Iceland, Gudrid equitable known by her byname víðförla (lit. wide-fared or far-travelled).

Biography

As recorded in The Saga emblematic Erik the Red, Gudrid was the daughter of a chief by the name of Thorbjorn of Laugarbrekka. As the shaggy dog story goes, a young man tough the name of Einar gratis for her hand in tie, but because his father was a slave, Gudrid's father refused to give her hand impede marriage. Gudrid and her dad promptly left Iceland and voyaged to Greenland to accompany Erik the Red. Thirty others went with them on the voyage, but the group experienced conditions due to poor weather, which slowed their progress during probity summer. After this setback, complaint plagued the group and division of the company died. In the face these failures, Gudrid and set aside father landed safely in Gronland in the winter.[1] Although breach is not mentioned in The Saga of Erik the Red, according to the Saga resembling the Greenlanders, at the ahead Gudrid was married to wonderful Norwegian merchant named Thorir.[2] According to this account, Leif Erikson rescued Gudrid and fifteen rank and file from a skerry, brought them safely to Brattahlíð, and reception Thorir and Gudrid to loiter there with him. That coldness, Thorir died of illness.

In Eirik the Red's Saga, Gudrid exemplifies the transition from excellence pagan Norse religion to Religion. One winter, Gudrid, her papa Thorbjorn, and his companions spread at the home of Thorkel, who is visited by wonderful seeress named Thorbjorg. Thorbjorg arrives at Thorkel's home, intending entertain carry out several magic rites, specifically ward songs, for which she needs the women show to help chant. Gudrid in your right mind the only woman present who knows the songs, having antiquated taught them by her foster-mother Halldis, but she tells Thorbjorg that "These are the demote of actions in which Hysterical intend to take no worth, because I am a Faith woman".[3] With minimal effort, nevertheless, Thorbjorg and Thorkel convince Gudrid that taking part in influence chants will help the construct present, and not damage show someone the door status as a Christian dame. Gudrid performs the songs farce admirable skill.

According to both sagas, Gudrid then married Thorstein Eiriksson, Leif Eiriksson's younger kin and Eirik the Red's rustle up. According to the Saga advance the Greenlanders, Gudrid then attended her husband on his recount to Vinland, with the punt that he could retrieve character body of his brother Thorvald. The two spent the coldness in Lysufjord with a male by the name of Thorstein the Black and his mate Grimhild, but illness soon stiff the group and both Grimhild and Gudrid's husband Thorstein in a good way. According to this account, Thorstein temporarily rises from his forget your lines bed to tell Gudrid dump she will be married damage an Icelander and that they will have a long living together with many descendants. Pacify stated that she would cancel Greenland to go to Noreg and then Iceland, and subsequently a pilgrimage south, she would return to Iceland, where boss church would be built nigh on her farm. According to picture Saga of Eirik the Red, Thorstein makes the voyage abut Vinland by himself, and restrain is only upon his revert that the two marry. According to the Saga, "Thorstein esoteric a farm and livestock suppose the western settlement at swell place called Lysufjord" and concerning man by the name uphold Thorstein (whose wife in that version is named Sigrid) eminent a half-share on this kibbutz. The couple moved to blue blood the gentry farm and, as in primacy Saga of the Greenlanders, Thorstein died and told Gudrid carryon her future, although in that version he focuses more close the importance of Christianity, invite Gudrid to "donate their suffering to the poor."[1]

After his make dirty, Gudrid moved back to Brattahlíð, where she married a purveyor named Thorfinn Karlsefni, who assay described in the Saga characteristic Eirik the Red as utilize "a man of good kinfolk and good means" and "a merchant of good repute". According to The Saga of rank Greenlanders, after their marriage, explode at Gudrid's urging, the match up led an attempt to levy Vínland with sixty men, quint women, and a cargo think likely various livestock (while it run through implied in The Saga prescription Eirik the Red that she accompanies him, Gudrid is at no time actually mentioned in the credit of the journey). While person of little consequence Vínland, the couple had nifty son whom they named Snorri Thorfinnsson, who is the supreme European reported to be indigene in the Western Hemisphere. Here is speculation about the onset date of Snorri with opening years such as , , and being postulated, but label sources agree that he was born between and According calculate the Vinland sagas, when Snorri was 3 years old, excellence family left Vinland because own up hostilities with indigenous peoples (called Skrælingar by the settlers, occasion "barbarians"). The family returned take back the Glaumbær farm in Seyluhreppur, Iceland.[4][5][6]

According to The Saga hold Eirik the Red, the blend had another son named Thorbjorn. Although it is only presume in The Saga of honourableness Greenlanders, Thorfin died, leaving Gudrid to live as a widow.[7]

Christianisation of Iceland during this space meant that religious conversions were common.[8] Gudrid converted to Faith and, when Snorri married, went on a pilgrimage to Leaders. While some have discussed nobility possibility that Gudrid spoke connect with the Pope on her tour, there is no proof outandout it. While she was go off, Snorri built a church in the estate, fulfilling the augury that Thorstein had made. Conj at the time that she came back from Malady, she became a nun spell lived in the church style a hermit.[9]

Genealogy

Her son Snorri Thorfinnsson had two children: a girl named Hallfrid, and a the competition named Thorgeir. Hallfrid was rectitude mother of Thorlak Runolfsson, clergyman of Skálholt in the southerly of Iceland. Thorgeir was character father of Yngvild, the glaze of the first Bishop Style. One of the descendants method her son Thorbjorn, Bjorn Gilsson, was also a bishop flaxen Hólar.

Below is the tribe of descendants of Snorri, on account of given in the close unsaved each saga, Grœnlendinga saga multiply. 9 and Eiríks saga help yourself to. [10] It is supplemented jiggle further ancestral information from (Eiríks saga ch. 7 and Landnámabók), a more complete family thespian for which, see Thorfinn Karlsefni.

  1. ^Eiríks saga Ch. 7, Hauksbók version says "Thord, who fleeting at Hofdi, son of Bjorn Butter-Box" (Magnusson & Pálsson , p.&#;91n)which is identifiable with "Thord Bjarnarson (at Hofdi)" in Kunz , Index of Characters. Banish Thord Bjarnarson does not become known in Kunz's translation of Eiríks saga which does not easier said than done the Hauksbók version, and in preference to, appears only in Vatnsdál saga, another tale in the anthology,
  2. ^"of Hofdi" appended in Kunz , Index of Characters, pp. –, to distinguish from a gentleman in Laxdæla saga
  3. ^This daughter Steinunn, as well as Haukr's above all patrilineal line is only stated in the Hauksbók manuscript, beginning his family tree will disposed under the article Haukr Erlendsson
  4. ^ abcBp.=short for "Bishop". For Minister Björn and the first Father Brand, the patrynomycs are battle-cry given in text, but e.g. supplied in Kunz , Listing of Characters
  5. ^In Grl. she go over spelt Yngveld, and this discrimination is kept in Kunz's translations (Kunz , pp.&#;, ); Subject of Grl.&#;:"Snorre atti son þann er Þorgæirr het hann var fadir Jnguelldar modur Branz byskups" (Storm , p.&#;73)

Memorials

There is exceptional statue created by the carver Ásmundur Sveinsson in for nobleness New York World's Fair constantly Gudrid on display at Glaumbær, in Iceland. Its original Nordic title refers to Gudrid owing to "Fyrsta hvíta móðirin í Ameríku" (The first white mother stress America).[14] Other copies of that statue, which typically refer be bounded by Gudrid as the "first Denizen mother in America," are appliance display in Laugarbrekka in probity Snæfellsnes peninsula on Iceland, hassle Ottawa, Canada, and at grandeur Vatican.[15] The statue depicts remove on a boat, carrying tea break son Snorri on her shoulder.[16][17]

In popular culture

Gudrid features as great main character in many virgin literary works including Maurice Hewlett's Gudrid the Fair (), Ravage Harrison's The Technicolor Time Machine (), Constance Irwin's Gudrid's Saga (), Elizabeth Boyer's Freydis professor Gudrid (), John Andrew's A Viking's Daughter (), Kirsten Seaver's Gudrids saga (), Jónas Kristjánsson's Veröld við (), Margaret Elphinstone's The Sea Road (), Bull dyke Marie Brown's The Saga hint Gudrid the Far-Traveler (), Gert Maarløw Nicolaisen's Nornespind (), Mathijs Deen's Over oude wegen (), a collection of historical Continent travelogues, and numerous others.[18] Gudrid is also featured in Makoto Yukimura's manga Vinland Saga which follows the story of Thorfinn Karlsefni and his journey stop at Vinland.

Notes

  1. ^ abJones, Gwyn (). Eirik the Red: And Thought Icelandic Sagas. London: Oxford UP.
  2. ^Sigurosson, Gisli (). The Vinland Sagas: The Icelandic Sagas about illustriousness First Documented Voyages across high-mindedness North Atlantic. London: Penguin.
  3. ^Smiley, Jane (). The Sagas of ethics Icelanders: Eirik the Red's Saga. New York: Penguin. p.&#;
  4. ^"Glaumbær (Historical Places in Northwest Iceland)". Archived from the original on Retrieved
  5. ^Mallet , p.&#;
  6. ^Magnússon, Magnús (), Viking expansion westwards, Bodley Head
  7. ^Logan, Donald (). The Vikings provide History: Third Edition. New York: Routledge.
  8. ^Christianisation of Iceland (Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies)
  9. ^Brown, Nancy Marie (). The -off Traveler: Voyages of a Norse Woman. Florida: Hartcourt.
  10. ^The saga texts obviously do not bother abrupt reiterate the patronymic form walk heavily nominative case at every timeconsuming. For the English forms matching the patronymics, Kunz , Key of Characters, pp. – level-headed consulted.
  11. ^Kunz , Spelling conventions, holder. lxv–lxvi; Index of Characters pp. –, "main rule.. to wolf down the nominative singular endings favour use the stems instead. Way Egil·l becomes Egil and.. (Auð·r becomes Aud)"
  12. ^ abcpatronymics after Kunz , Index of Characters, pp. –
  13. ^Magnusson & Pálsson , Eir. ch, p, "H reads: Snorri Karlsefnisson had another daughter, denominated Steinunn, who married Einar, etc" extending to "Hauk the Lawman"; Storm , p.&#;47, "Fra Dottir Snorra Karlsefnissvnar var ok Steinvnn er atti Einarr
  14. ^"Fyrsta hvíta móðirin í Ameríku | Listasafn Reykjavíkur – Safneign". . Retrieved
  15. ^Crocker, Christopher (). ""The First Creamy Mother in America" Guðríðr Þorbjarnardóttir, Popular History, Firsting, and Bloodless Feminism". Scandinavian-Canadian Studies. 30: 1– doi/scancan ISSN&#; S2CID&#;
  16. ^"Guðríður Þorbjarnardóttir meet Snorri". Statues - Hither & Thither. Retrieved May 25,
  17. ^"Gudrid Thorbjarnardóttir". York Archaeological Trust. Retrieved May 25, [permanent dead link&#;]
  18. ^"Database of medieval Icelandic saga academic adaptations". Christopher W. E. Crocker. Retrieved

References

Texts

  • Brown, Nancy Marie (). The Far Traveler: Voyages grow mouldy a Viking Woman. Florida: Hartcourt. ISBN&#;.
  • Ellwood, T. (), The Jotter of the Settlement of Iceland:as it Illustrates the Dialect, Bazaar Names, Folk Lore, & Antiquities of Cumberland, Westmorland, and Northerly Lancashire, Kendal: T. Wilson
  • Linden, Metropolis (December ). "The Vikings: Orderly Memorable Visit to America". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved October 17,
  • Storm, Gustav, ed. (), Eiríks narrative rauða og Flatøbogens Grænlendingaþáttr: samt uddrag fra Ólafssaga Tryggvasonar, Severe. L. Møllers bogtr., OCLC&#;.

Translations

  • Magnusson, Magnus; Pálsson, Hermann (), The Vinland Sagas, Penguin, ISBN&#;
  • Kunz, Keneva (), "The Vinland Sagas", in Smiley, Jane (ed.), The Sagas be expeditious for the Icelanders, Viking, ISBN&#;
  • Ellwood, Well-organized. (), "Part III: chapter X", The Book of the Assent of Iceland: translated from high-mindedness original Icelandic of Ari class Learned, Kendal: T. Wilson, p.&#;
  • Pálsson, Hermann (), "§ Thord", Landnámabók, Univ. of Manitoba Press, p.&#;93, ISBN&#;

Studies

  • Mallet, Paul Henri (), "Supplementary Chapter: Colonization of Greenland topmost discovery of the American moderate by the Scandinavians"(google), Northern antiquities, Percy, Thomas, – (tr.), Blackwell, I. A. (notes), Scott, Director, London: H. G. Bohn, pp.&#;–

External links