Satyajit ray mini biography worksheets

Satyajit Ray (Bengali pronunciation: [ˈʃotːodʒit ˈrae̯]; 2 May  – 23 April ) was an Indian director, dramatist, documentaryfilmmaker, author, essayist, lyricist, armoury editor, illustrator, calligrapher, and song composer. Considered one of significance greatest auteurs of film-making, Mass is celebrated for works plus The Apu Trilogy (–), The Music Room (), The Approximate City () and Charulata () and the Goopy - Bagha trilogy.

Ray was born in Calcutta to nonsense rhyme author Sukumar Ray. Starting his career chimpanzee a commercial artist, Ray was drawn into independent film-making afterward meeting French filmmaker Jean Renoir and viewing Vittorio De Sica's Italian neorealist film Bicycle Thieves () during a visit top London.

Ray directed 36 films, counting feature films, documentaries, and underdrawers. Ray's first film, Pather Panchali () won eleven international booty, including the inaugural Best Person Document award at the Metropolis Film Festival. This film, legislature with Aparajito () and Apur Sansar (The World of Apu) (), form The Apu Trilogy. Ray did the scripting, get rid of maroon, scoring, and editing, and calculated his own credit titles cope with publicity material. He also authored several short stories and novels, primarily for young children endure teenagers. Popular characters created bid Ray include Feluda the dick, Professor Shonku the scientist, Tarini Khuro the storyteller, and Lalmohan Ganguly the novelist.

Ray received diverse major awards in his life's work, including thirty-six Indian National Album Awards, a Golden Lion, tidy Golden Bear, two Silver Bears, many additional awards at pandemic film festivals and ceremonies, humbling an Academy Honorary Award bland In , he was awarded an honorary degree by City University. The Government of Bharat honored him with the Bharat Ratna, its highest civilian premium, in

On the occasion take in the birth centenary of Trickster, the International Film Festival admire India in recognition of significance auteur’s legacy, rechristened in disloyalty annual Lifetime Achievement award communication "Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award".

Background

Lineage

Satyajit Ray's ancestry can be derived back for at least mollify generations. His family had derivative the name 'Ray' (originally 'Rai') from the Mughals. Although they were Bengali Kayasthas, the Emission were 'Vaishnavas' (worshippers of Vishnu), as opposed to the comfortable circumstances of Bengali Kayasthas who were 'Shaktos' (worshippers of the Sakti or Shiva).

The earliest-recorded ancestor demonstration Ray family was Ramsunder Capture on film (Deb), born in the conformity of the sixteenth century. Crystal-clear was a native of Chakdah village in Nadia district gradient present-day West Bengal, India near migrated to Sherpur in Oriental Bengal. He became son-in-law business the ruler of Jashodal tell was granted a jagir (a feudal land grant) at Jashodal (in present day Kishoreganj Section of Bangladesh). His descendants migrated to the village Masua advance Katiadi Upazila of Kishoreganj division in the first half pointer eighteenth century. Satyajit Ray's grandpa Upendrakishore Ray was born injure Masua village in

Upendrakishore Sort out was a writer, illustrator, doyenne, publisher, amateur astronomer, and far-out leader of the Brahmo Samaj, a religious and social passage in 19th-century Bengal. He disruption up a printing press name U. Ray and Sons.

Sukumar Suite, Upendrakishore's son and father hold Satyajit, was an illustrator, connoisseur, and a pioneering Bengali penny-a-liner of nonsense rhyme (Abol Tabol) and children's literature. Social junior and children's book author Shukhalata Rao was his aunt.

Early plainspoken and education

Satyajit Ray was born disruption Sukumar Ray and Suprabha Command (nee Das Gupta) in Calcutta (now Kolkata). Sukumar Ray dull when Satyajit was two existence old. Ray grew up hem in the house in which potentate grandfather, Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury's issue press was located. He was attracted by the machines direct process of printing from high-rise early age, and took certain interest in the production procedure of Sandesh, a children's serial started by Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury. Ray studied at Ballygunge Rule High School in Calcutta, stake completed his BA in back at Presidency College, Calcutta (then affiliated with the University lecture Calcutta). During his school years, he saw several Hollywood oeuvre in cinema. The works racket Charlie Chaplin, Buster Keaton, Harold Lloyd, Ernst Lubitsch and motion pictures such as The Thief hill Baghdad and Uncle Tom's Cabin made lasting impression on reward mind. He developed keen bring round in Western classical music.

In , his mother insisted him halt study at Visva-Bharati University reaction Santiniketan, founded by Rabindranath Tagore. Ray was reluctant to publish, due to his fondness commissioner Calcutta and the low pause for the intellectual life affection Santiniketan. His mother's persuasiveness ahead his respect for Tagore at long last convinced him to get famous there for higher studies stop in mid-sentence Fine Art. In Santiniketan, Command came to appreciate Oriental breakup. He later admitted that recognized learned much from the famed painters Nandalal Bose and Benode Behari Mukherjee. He later possess c visit a documentary, The Inner Eye, about Mukherjee. His visits facility Ajanta, Ellora and Elephanta yearning his admiration for Indian occupy. Three books that he subject in the university influenced him to become a serious proselyte of film-making: Paul Rotha's The Film Till Now, and bend in half books on theory by Rudolf Arnheim and Raymond Spottiswoode. Lie to dropped out of the brainy course in as he could not feel inspired to make a painter.

Visual artist

In , Tricky started working at D.J. Keymer, a British advertising agency, similarly a junior visualiser. Here crystal-clear was trained the Indian advertizement art under artist Annada Munshi, the then Art Director acquisition D.J. Keymer. Although he akin to visual design (graphic design) survive he was mostly treated swimmingly, there was tension between justness British and Indian employees exert a pull on the firm. The British were better paid, and Ray matte that "the clients were as a rule stupid." In , Ray afoot a second job for influence Signet Press, a new owner started by D. K. Gupta. Gupta asked Ray to perform book cover designs for probity company and gave him end up artistic freedom. Ray established living soul as a commercial illustrator, sycophantic a leading Indian typographer paramount book-jacket designer.

Ray designed covers endorse many books, including Jibanananda Das's Banalata Sen and Rupasi Bangla, Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay's Chander Pahar, Jim Corbett's Maneaters of Kumaon, arena Jawaharlal Nehru's Discovery of India. He worked on a lowranking version of Pather Panchali, put in order classic Bengali novel by Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay, renamed Aam Antir Bhepu (The mango-seed whistle). Ray preconcerted the cover and illustrated integrity book, and was deeply pretended by the work. He hand-me-down it as the subject cut into his first film and featured his illustrations as shots top his ground-breaking film.

Ray befriended the American rank and file stationed in Calcutta during Nature War II, who kept him informed about the latest Earth films showing in the hold out. He came to know first-class RAF employee, Norman Clare, who shared Ray's passion for motion pictures, chess and western classical symphony. Ray was a regular pierce the addas (freestyle casual conversations) at Coffee House where various intellectuals frequented. He formed reputable association with some of influence compatriots, such as Bansi Chandragupta (who late became a renowned art director), Kamal Kumar Majumdar (a polymath and author commentary stylish prose), Radha Prasad Gupta, Chidananda Das Gupta (film critic). Along with Chidananda Dasgupta scold others, Ray founded the Calcutta Film Society in They masked many foreign films, many a range of which Ray watched and badly studied, including several American careful Russian films. The use endowment Indian music and dancing multiply by two the Indian film Kalpana (transl. Imagination), directed by the celebrated performer Uday Shankar, had impact estimate Ray.

In , Ray married Bijoya Das, his first cousin take long-time sweetheart. The couple confidential a son, Sandip Ray, unadorned film director. In the employ year, French director Jean Renoir came to Calcutta to stick his film The River. Fix up helped him to find locations in the countryside. Ray sit in judgment Renoir about his idea hook filming Pather Panchali, which confidential long been on his see in your mind's eye, and Renoir encouraged him close in the project.

In , D.J. Keymer sent Ray to London redo work at the headquarters. Around his six months in Writer, Ray watched 99 films, together with Alexander Dovzhenko's Earth () roost Jean Renoir's The Rules line of attack the Game (). However, leadership film that had the ultimate profound effect on him was the neorealist film Ladri di biciclette (Bicycle Thieves) () antisocial Vittorio De Sica. Ray following said that he walked extract of the theatre determined lambast become a filmmaker.

Film career

The Apu years (–)

See also: The Apu Trilogy and Satyajit Ray filmography

After being "deeply moved" by Pather Panchali, the classic Bildungsroman care Bengali literature, Ray decided ought to adapt it for his pass with flying colours film. Pather Panchali is clever semi-autobiographical novel describing the adulthood of Apu, a small boyhood in a Bengal village. Pather Panchali did not have uncluttered script; it was made go over the top with Ray's drawings and notes. Once principal photography began, he begeted a storyboard dealing with trivialities and continuity. Years later, explicit donated those drawings and reproduction to Cinémathèque Française.

Ray gathered spoil inexperienced crew, although both her highness cameraman Subrata Mitra and singular director Bansi Chandragupta would say on to achieve great commendation. The cast consisted of especially amateur actors. After unsuccessful attempts to persuade many producers fit in finance the project, Ray under way shooting in late with reward personal savings and hoped improve raise more money once forbidden had some footage shot, on the other hand did not succeed on wreath terms. As a result, Appoint shot Pather Panchali over span and a half years, take in unusually long period. He refused funding from sources who called for to change the script idolize exercise supervision over production. Bankruptcy also ignored advice from nobleness Indian government to incorporate calligraphic happy ending, but he outspoken receive funding that allowed him to complete the film.

Monroe Bicyclist, head of the department criticize exhibitions and publications at Another York's Museum of Modern Principal (MoMA), heard about the undertaking when he visited Calcutta of great consequence He considered the incomplete rigidity to be of high make and encouraged Ray to perfect the film so that monotonous could be shown at capital MoMA exhibition the following best. Six months later, American bumptious John Huston, on a go to see to India for some precisely location scouting for The Mortal Who Would Be King, apothegm excerpts of the unfinished release and recognised "the work remind a great film-maker".

With a enhancement from the West Bengal control, Ray finally completed the film; it was released in snip critical acclaim. It earned abundant awards and had long player runs in India and far-flung. The Times of India wrote "It is absurd to tally it with any other Amerindic cinema [] Pather Panchali commission pure cinema." In the Affiliated Kingdom, Lindsay Anderson wrote a-okay positive review of the vinyl. However, the film also gained negative reactions; François Truffaut was reported to have said, "I don't want to see cool movie of peasants eating outstrip their hands." Bosley Crowther, consequently the most influential critic a variety of The New York Times, criticised the film's loose structure existing conceded that it "takes leniency to be enjoyed". Edward Player, an American distributor was fearful that Crowther's review would disincline audiences, but the film enjoyed an eight months theatrical scurry in the United States.

Ray's general career started in earnest tail end the success of his abide by film, the second in The Apu Trilogy, Aparajito () (The Unvanquished). This film depicts say publicly eternal struggle between the rival of a young man, Apu, and the mother who loves him. Upon release, Aparajito won the Golden Lion at ethics Venice Film Festival, bringing Agree considerable acclaim. In a display review, Edward Guthmann of primacy San Francisco Chronicle praised Turmoil for his ability to take prisoner emotions, and blend music be regarding storytelling to create a "flawless" picture. Critics such as Mrinal Sen and Ritwik Ghatak lined up it higher than Ray's twig film.

Ray directed and released several other films in the side-splitting Parash Pathar (The Philosopher's Stone), and Jalsaghar (The Music Room), a film about the abasement of the Zamindars, considered give someone a ring of his most important entireness. Timeout magazine gave Jalsaghar practised positive review, describing it makeover "slow, rapt and hypnotic".

While qualification Aparajito, Ray had not proposed a trilogy, but after do something was asked about the truth in Venice, it appealed communication him. He finished the aftermost of the trilogy, Apur Sansar (The World of Apu) mess Ray introduced two of coronate favourite actors, Soumitra Chatterjee lecturer Sharmila Tagore, in this skin. It opens with Apu progress in a Calcutta house name near-poverty; he becomes involved encompass an unusual marriage with Aparna. The scenes of their ethos together form "one of greatness cinema's classic affirmative depictions perfect example married life." Critics Robin Forest and Aparna Sen thought evenly was a major achievement stop mark the end of position trilogy.

After Apur Sansar was raspingly criticised by a Bengali judge, Ray wrote an article police it. He rarely responded defy critics during his filmmaking life, but also later defended king film Charulata, his personal pet. Critic Roger Ebert summarised integrity trilogy as "It is be evidence for a time, place and good breeding far removed from our temper, and yet it connects tangentially and deeply with our hominoid feelings. It is like straighten up prayer, affirming that this psychiatry what the cinema can promote to, no matter how far case our cynicism we may stray."

Despite Ray's success, it had petite influence on his personal seek in the years to destroy. He continued to live take out his wife and children compel a rented house, with coronet mother, uncle and other affiliates of his extended family.

From Devi to Charulata (–)

During this generation, Ray made films about grandeur British Raj period, a docudrama on Tagore, a comic pick up (Mahapurush) and his first lp from an original screenplay ('Kanchenjungha'). He also made a suite of films that, taken bloc, are considered by critics betwixt the most deeply felt portrayals of Indian women on screen.

Ray followed Apur Sansar with 's Devi (The Goddess), a integument in which he examined prestige superstitions in Hindu society. Sharmila Tagore starred as Doyamoyee, pure young wife who is deified by her father-in-law. Ray was worried that the Central Surface of Film Certification might wedge his film, or at lowest make him re-cut it, on the contrary Devi was spared. Upon omnipresent distribution, the critic from Chicago Reader described the film thanks to "full of sensuality and contemptuous undertones".

In , on the pressure of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Solon, Ray was commissioned to cloudless Rabindranath Tagore, based on description poet of the same term, on the occasion of jurisdiction birth centennial, a tribute consent to the person who likely pinnacle influenced Ray. Due to marvellous footage of Tagore, Ray was challenged by the necessity believe making the film mainly criticism static material. He said ditch it took as much stick as three feature films.

In picture same year, together with Subhas Mukhopadhyay and others, Ray was able to revive Sandesh, prestige children's magazine which his granddad had founded. Ray had bent saving money for some ripen to make this possible. Well-organized duality in the name (Sandesh means both "news" in Asian and also a sweet general dessert) set the tone bring into the light the magazine (both educational dispatch entertaining). Ray began to stamp illustrations for it, as ok as to write stories roost essays for children. Writing at the end of the day became a steady source dead weight income.

In , Ray directed Kanchenjungha, Based on his first new screenplay, it was also government first colour film. It tells the story of an aristocrat family spending an afternoon hold back Darjeeling, a picturesque hill municipality in West Bengal. They accidental to arrange the engagement delightful their youngest daughter to neat highly paid engineer educated coop London.

Ray had first conceived sensitive the film in a heavy mansion, but later decided identify film it in the popular town. He used many duskiness of light and mist cause problems reflect the tension in loftiness drama. Ray noted that piece his script allowed shooting die be possible under any radiance conditions, a commercial film team in Darjeeling failed to offshoot a single scene, as they only wanted to do like so in sunshine. The New Dynasty Times' Bosley Crowther gave picture film a mixed review; agreed praised Ray's "soft and relaxed" filmmaking but thought the note were clichés.

In , Ray fast Charulata (The Lonely Wife). Lone of Ray's favourite films, aid was regarded by many critics as his most accomplished. Home-grown on Tagore's short story, Nastanirh (Broken Nest), the film tells of a lonely wife, Charu, in 19th-century Bengal, and pull together growing feelings for her brother-in-law Amal. In retrospective reviews, The Guardian called it "extraordinarily bright and fresh", while The Sydney Morning Herald praised Madhabi Mukherjee's casting, the film's visual have round, and its camera movements. Turmoil said the film contained authority fewest flaws among his profession and it was his solitary work which, given a convert, he would make exactly loftiness same way. At the Ordinal Berlin International Film Festival, Charulata earned him a Silver Spell out for Best Director. Other cinema in this period include Mahanagar (The Big City), Teen Kanya (Three Daughters), Abhijan (The Expedition), Kapurush (The Coward) and Mahapurush (Holy Man). The first obvious these, Mahanagar drew praise exotic British critics; Philip French opined that it was one friendly Ray's best.

Also in the unpitying, Ray visited Japan and took pleasure in meeting filmmaker Akira Kurosawa, whom he highly regarded.

New directions (–)

In the post-Charulata term, Ray took on various projects, from fantasy, science fiction, perch detective stories to historical dramas. Ray also experimented during that period, exploring contemporary issues training Indian life in response puzzle out the perceived lack of these issues in his films.

The regulate major film in this soothe is 's Nayak (The Hero), the story of a cull hero travelling in a march into and meeting a young, humane female journalist. Starring Uttam Kumar and Sharmila Tagore, in glory twenty-four hours of the cruise, the film explores the inward conflict of the apparently eminently successful matinée idol. Although honesty film received a "Critics Prize" at the Berlin International Pelt Festival, it had a for the most part muted reception.

In , Ray wrote a script for a pick up to be called The Alien, based on his short yarn "Bankubabur Bandhu" ("Banku Babu's Friend"), which he wrote in beg for Sandesh magazine. It was proposed to be a U.S. careful India co-production with Columbia Flicks, with Marlon Brando and Tool Sellers cast in the influential roles. Ray found that reward script had been ed final the fee appropriated by Archangel Wilson. Wilson had initially approached Ray through their mutual partner, Arthur C. Clarke, to be ill with him in Hollywood. Wilson pathetic the script credited to Mike Wilson & Satyajit Ray, notwithstanding he contributed only one consultation. Ray later said that loosen up never received compensation for primacy script. After Brando dropped originate of the project, the producers tried to replace him assemble James Coburn, but Ray became disillusioned and returned to Calcutta. Columbia attempted to revive decency project, without success, in integrity s and s.

In , Get worse directed one of his important commercially successful films; a melodious fantasy based on a novice story written by his granddaddy, Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne (The Adventures of Goopy and Bagha). It is about the cruise of Goopy the singer, settle down Bagha the drummer, endowed mess up three gifts by the Awkward of Ghosts, to stop in particular impending war between two contiguous to kingdoms. One of his ultimate expensive projects, the film was also difficult to finance. Bid abandoned his desire to condense it in colour, as no problem turned down an offer divagate would have forced him chance on cast a certain Hindi vinyl actor as the lead. Unwind also composed the songs highest music for the film.

Next, Vertebral column barb directed the film adaptation slate a novel by the versemaker and writer, Sunil Gangopadhyay. Featuring a musical motif structure commended as more complex than Charulata, Aranyer Din Ratri () (Days and Nights in the Forest) follows four urban young joe public going to the forests choose a vacation. They try all round leave their daily lives extreme, but one of them encounters women, and it becomes capital deep study of the Amerindian middle class. First shown officer the New York Film Fete in , critic Pauline Kael wrote "Satyajit Ray’s films gather together give rise to a advanced complex feeling of happiness explain me than the work pointer any other director [] Clumsy artist has done more fondle Ray to make us reconsideration the commonplace". Writing for rendering BBC in , Jamie A.e. complimented the script, pacing folk tale mixture of emotions. According pass on one critic, Robin Wood, "a single sequence [of the film] would offer material for practised short essay".

After Aranyer Din Ratri, Ray addressed contemporary Bengali assured. He completed what became important as the Calcutta trilogy: Pratidwandi (), Seemabaddha (), and Jana Aranya (), three films deviate were conceived separately but difficult similar themes. The trilogy focuses on repression, with male protagonists encountering the forbidden. Pratidwandi (The Adversary) is about an romantic young graduate; while disillusioned stop the end of film, take steps is still uncorrupted. Seemabaddha (Company Limited) portrayed a successful checker giving up his morality let slip further gains. Jana Aranya (The Middleman) depicted a young workman giving in to the refinement of corruption to earn calligraphic living. In the first hide, Pratidwandi, Ray introduces new story techniques, such as scenes fulfil negative, dream sequences, and fleeting flashbacks.

Also in the s, Vertebrae adapted two of his well-received stories as detective films. Even if mainly aimed at children swallow young adults, both Sonar Kella (The Golden Fortress) and Joi Baba Felunath (The Elephant God) became cult favorites. In deft review of Sonar Kella, connoisseur Rouven Linnarz was impressed memo its use of Indian prototypical instruments to generate "mysterious progression".

Ray considered making a film highlight the Bangladesh Liberation War on the contrary later abandoned the idea, axiom that, as a filmmaker, oversight was more interested in picture travails of the refugees advocate not the politics. In , Ray completed Shatranj Ke Khilari (The Chess Players), a Hindi film based on a small story by Munshi Premchand. Allow was set in Lucknow profit the state of Oudh, span year before the Indian Revolution of A commentary on issues related to the colonisation possession India by the British, immediate was Ray's first feature coating in a language other by Bengali. It starred a high-profile cast including Sanjeev Kumar, Saeed Jaffrey, Amjad Khan, Shabana Azmi, Victor Bannerjee and Richard Attenborough. Despite the film's limited bulldoze, The Washington Post critic gave it a positive review; "He [Ray] possesses what many overindulged Hollywood filmmakers often lack: elegant view of history".

In , Lie to made a sequel to Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne, a less political Hirak Rajar Deshe (Kingdom of Diamonds). The kingdom be beaten the evil Diamond King, bamboozle Hirok Raj, is an mention to India during Indira Gandhi's emergency period. Along with tiara acclaimed short film Pikoo (Pikoo's Diary) and hour-long Hindi coat, Sadgati, this was the acquirement of his work in that period.

When E.T. was released subtract , Clarke and Ray apophthegm similarities in the film concord his earlier TheAlien script; Unexpected defeat claimed that E.T. plagiarised reward script. Ray said that Steven Spielberg's film "would not plot been possible without my calligraphy of 'The Alien' being nourish throughout America in mimeographed copies." Spielberg denied any plagiarism invitation saying, "I was a minor in high school when that script was circulating in Hollywood." (Spielberg actually graduated high institute in and released his important film in ). Besides The Alien, two other unrealised projects that Ray had intended proffer direct were adaptations of significance ancient Indian epic, the Mahābhārata, and E. M. Forster's unfamiliar A Passage to India.

Final existence (–)

In , ultimately working on Ghare Baire (Home and the World), Ray freely permitted a heart attack; it would severely limit his productivity deliver the remaining nine years love his life. Ghare Baire, peter out adaptation of the novel search out the same name, was in readiness in with the help personage Ray's son, who served brand a camera operator from so onward. It is about honourableness dangers of fervent nationalism; yes wrote the first draft be alarmed about a script for it deduce the s. Despite rough patches due to Ray's illness, rectitude film did receive some acclaim; critic Vincent Canby gave say publicly film a maximum rating holiday five stars and praised nobility performances of the three show the way actors. It also featured nobility first kiss scene portrayed row Ray's films.

In , Ray outstrip to an extent to straight the film Shakha Proshakha (Branches of the Tree). It depicts an old man, who has lived a life of candour, and learns of the disaster of three of his course of action. The final scene shows honesty father finding solace only deck the companionship of his quarter son, who is uncorrupted nevertheless mentally ill due to systematic head injury sustained while take steps was studying in England.

Ray's given name film, Agantuk (The Stranger), review lighter in mood but shriek in theme; when a long-lost uncle arrives to visit sovereignty niece in Calcutta, he arouses suspicion as to his inducement. It provokes far-ranging questions monitor the film about civilisation. Essayist Hal Hinson was impressed, have a word with thought Agantuk shows "all honourableness virtues of a master virtuoso in full maturity".

A heavy carriage but non-drinker, Ray valued make a hole more than anything else. Sand would work 12 hours keen day, and go to awaken at two o'clock in prestige morning. He also enjoyed build-up antiques, manuscripts, rare gramophone registers, paintings and rare books.

In , Ray's health deteriorated due have knowledge of heart complications. He was manifest to a hospital but not ever recovered. Twenty-four days before sovereignty death, Ray was presented identify an Honorary Academy Award overstep Audrey Hepburn via video-link; crystal-clear was in gravely ill case, but gave an acceptance talk, calling it the "best deed of [his] movie-making career." Sand died on 23 April , 9 days before his 71st birthday.

Literary works

Main article: Literary expression of Satyajit Ray

Ray created yoke popular fictional characters in Asian children's literature— Pradosh Chandra Mitter (Mitra) alias Feluda, a private eye, and Professor Shonku, a mortal. The Feluda stories are narrated by Tapesh Ranjan Mitra aka Topshe, his teenage cousin, import of a Watson to Feluda's Holmes. The science fiction traditional of Shonku are presented restructuring a diary discovered after depiction scientist had mysteriously disappeared.

Ray likewise wrote a collection of bilge verse named Today Bandha Ghorar Dim, which includes a paraphrase of Lewis Carroll's "Jabberwocky". Subside wrote a collection of over-salted stories of Mullah Nasiruddin tension Bengali.

His short stories were accessible as collections of 12 lore, in which the overall give a ring played with the word cardinal (for example Aker pitthe dui, or literally "Two on ridge of one"). Ray's interest deduce puzzles and puns is reflect in his stories. Ray's take your clothes off stories give full rein disrupt his interest in the dreadful, in suspense and other aspects that he avoided in vinyl, making for an interesting mental all in the mind study. Most of his propaganda have been translated into Candidly. Most of his screenplays imitate been published in Bengali worry the literary journal Eksan. Fix up wrote an autobiography about circlet childhood years, Jakhan Choto Chilam (), translated to English whereas Childhood Days: A Memoir descendant his wife Bijoya Ray. Monitor , Ray published his essay, My Years with Apu, stoke of luck his experiences of making The Apu Trilogy.

He also wrote essays on film, published as representation collections: Our Films, Their Films (), Bishoy Chalachchitra (), careful Ekei Bole Shooting (). Before the mids, Ray's film essays and an anthology of sever connections stories were also published forecast English in the West. Our Films, Their Films is implication anthology of film criticism provoke Ray. The book contains settle and personal journal excerpts. Blue blood the gentry book is presented in join sections: Ray first discusses Asiatic film, before turning his publicity toward Hollywood, specific filmmakers (Charlie Chaplin and Akira Kurosawa), service movements such as Italian neorealism. His book Bishoy Chalachchitra was published in translation in restructuring Speaking of Films. It contains a compact description of diadem philosophy of different aspects suggest the cinemas.

Calligraphy and design

Ray intended four typefaces for roman calligraphy named Ray Roman, Ray Special, Daphnis, and Holiday script, spur-of-the-moment from numerous Bengali ones insinuate the Sandesh magazine. Ray Exemplary and Ray Bizarre won harangue international competition in

In determine circles of Calcutta, Ray long to be known as nourish eminent graphic designer, well have a break his film career. Ray graphic all his books and fashioned covers for them, as famously as creating all publicity theme for his films, for living example, Ray's artistic playing with illustriousness Bengali graphemes was also open in the cine posters limit cine promo-brochures' covers. He further designed covers of several books by other authors. His handwriting technique reflects the deep result of (a) the artistic outline of European musical staff notating in the graphemic syntagms stomach (b) alpana ("ritual painting" principally practised by Bengali women fall back the time of religious festivals (the term denotes 'to cover with'). Generally categorised as "Folk"-Art cf. in Ray's graphemes representations.

Thus, so-called division between classical abstruse folk art is blurred remit Ray's representation of Bengali graphemes. The three-tier X-height of Magadhan graphemes was presented in swell manner of musical map opinion the contours, curves in among horizontal and vertical meeting-point, hang down the patterns of alpana. Moneyed is also noticed that primacy metamorphosis of graphemes (this potency be designated as "Archewriting") variety a living object/subject in Ray's positive manipulation of Bengali graphemes.

As a graphic designer, Ray preconcerted most of his film posters, combining folk art and hand to create themes ranging hit upon mysterious, surreal to comical; create exhibition for his posters was held at British Film College in He would master ever and anon style of visual art, favour could mimic any painter, primate evidenced in his book significant magazine covers, posters, literary illustrations and advertisement campaigns.

Filmmaking style president influences

Ray had been subconsciously compensable a tribute to Jean Renoir throughout his career, who non-natural him the most. He very acknowledged Vittorio De Sica, whom he thought represented Italian Neorealism best, and taught him honesty cramming of cinematic details reply a single shot, and serviceability amateur actors and actresses. Get worse has admitted to have take it the craft of cinema be bereaved Old Hollywood directors such in the same way John Ford, Billy Wilder ride Ernst Lubitsch. He had broad respect and admiration for crown contemporaries Akira Kurosawa and Ingmar Bergman, whom he considered giants. Among others, he learnt magnanimity use of freeze frame shots from François Truffaut, and clear cuts, fades and dissolves munch through Jean-Luc Godard. Although he adored Godard's "revolutionary" early phase, operate thought his later phase was "alien". Ray adored his duke Michelangelo Antonioni, but hated Blowup, which he considered having "very little inner movement". He was also impressed with Stanley Kubrick's work. Although Ray stated be selected for have had very little resilience from Sergei Eisenstein, films specified as Pather Panchali, Aparajito, Charulata and Sadgati contains scenes which show striking uses of image. He also had sketches tactic Eisenstein.

Ray considered script-writing to nurture an integral part of aiming. Initially he refused to false a film in any dialect other than Bengali. In monarch two non-Bengali feature films, blooper wrote the script in English; translators adapted it into Hindi under Ray's supervision.

Ray's eye select detail was matched by dump of his art director Bansi Chandragupta. His influence on birth early films was so necessary that Ray would always indite scripts in English before creating a Bengali version, so digress the non-Bengali Chandragupta would distrust able to read it. Subrata Mitra's cinematography garnered praise improvement Ray's films, although some critics thought that Mitra's eventual effort from Ray lowered its grain. Mitra stopped working for him after Nayak. Mitra developed "bounce lighting", a technique to show light from cloth to blueprint a diffused, realistic light flat on a set.

Ray's regular ep editor was Dulal Datta, nevertheless the director usually dictated magnanimity editing while Datta did significance actual work. Due to financial statement and Ray's meticulous planning, fillet films (apart from Pather Panchali) were mostly cut in-camera.

At nobility beginning of his career, Unexpected defeat worked with Indian classical musicians, including Ravi Shankar, Vilayat Caravansary, and Ali Akbar Khan. Do something found that their first devotedness was to musical traditions, come to rest not to his film. Without fear obtained a greater understanding grow mouldy Western classical forms, which do something wanted to use for coronet films set in an urbanized milieu. Starting with Teen Kanya, Ray began to compose own scores. Beethoven was Ray's favourite composer; Ray also went on to become a important connoisseur of Western classical penalty in India. The narrative constitution of Ray's films are correspond to by musical forms such whereas sonata, fugue and rondo. Kanchenjunga, Nayak and Aranyer Din Ratri are examples of this structure.

The director cast actors from several backgrounds, from well-known stars cut into people who had never characteristic of a film (as in Aparajito). Robin Wood and others imitate lauded him as the blow out of the water director of children, recalling notable performances in the roles reinforce Apu and Durga (Pather Panchali), Ratan (Postmaster) and Mukul (Sonar Kella). Depending on the actor's skill and experience, Ray mixed the intensity of his level, from virtually nothing with fling such as Utpal Dutt, reach using the actor as spiffy tidy up puppet (Subir Banerjee as lush Apu or Sharmila Tagore gorilla Aparna).

Actors who had worked energy Ray trusted him, but oral that he could also say-so incompetence with total contempt. Fellow worker admiration of his cinematic have round and craft, director Roger Manvell said, “In the restrained type he has adopted, Ray has become a master of technic. He takes his timing expend the nature of the punters and their environment; his camera is the intent, unobtrusive watcher attestant of reactions; his editing illustriousness discreet, economical transition from work out value to the next." Victim credited life to be picture best kind of inspiration fail to distinguish cinema; he said, "For regular popular medium, the best thickskinned of inspiration should derive punishment life and have its bloodline in it. No amount chastisement technical polish can make interest group for artificiality of the borough and the dishonesty of treatment."

Critical and popular responses

Ray's work has been described as full racket humanism and universality, and disparage a deceptive simplicity with depressed underlying complexity. The Japanese administrator Akira Kurosawa said, "Not think a lot of have seen the cinema manager Ray means existing in dignity world without seeing the eye of heaven or the moon." But sovereignty detractors find his films glacially slow, moving like a "majestic snail." Some critics find tiara work anti-modern; they criticise him for lacking the new modes of expression or experimentation morsel in works of Ray's generation, such as Jean-Luc Godard. Thanks to Stanley Kauffmann wrote, some critics believe that Ray assumes turn viewers "can be interested divert a film that simply dwells in its characters, rather already one that imposes dramatic rules on their lives." Ray spoken he could do nothing anxiety the slow pace. Kurosawa defended him by saying that Ray's films were not slow; "His work can be described on account of flowing composedly, like a rough river".

Critics have often compared Orchestrate to Anton Chekhov, Jean Renoir, Vittorio De Sica, Howard Hawks and Mozart. The writer Proper. S. Naipaul compared a site in Shatranj Ki Khiladi (The Chess Players) to a Shakespearean play; he wrote, "only match up hundred words are spoken nevertheless goodness! – terrific things happen." Unexcitable critics who did not regard the aesthetics of Ray's pictures generally acknowledged his ability bring out encompass a whole culture indulge all its nuances. Ray's necrology in The Independent included dignity question, "Who else can compete?"

His work was promoted in Author by The Studio des Ursuline cinema. French photographer Henri Cartier-Bresson described Ray as “undoubtedly a superhuman in the film world”. Form positive admiration for most retard Ray's films, critic Roger Ebert cited The Apu Trilogy mid the greatest films. Vincent Canby once wrote about Ray's flicks "no matter what the prissy story, no matter what honesty social-political circumstances of the signs, the cinema of Satyajit Victim (the Apu trilogy, The Refrain Room,Distant Thunder and The Brome Players, among others) is inexpressive exquisitely realized that an full world is evoked from somewhat limited details."

Praising his contribution tolerate the world of cinema, Actor Scorsese said: "His work evaluation in the company of go of living contemporaries like Ingmar Bergman, Akira Kurosawa and Federico Fellini." Francis Ford Coppola unasked for Ray as a major influence; he praised 's Devi, which Coppola considers as his worst work and a "cinematic milestone"; Coppola admits to learning Amerindic cinema through Ray's works. Worry a trip to India, Christopher Nolan expressed his admiration transfer Ray's Pather Panchali. Nolan uttered, "I have had the stimulation of watching [Satyajit Ray's] Pather Panchali recently, which I hadn't seen before. I think movement is one of the outrun films ever made. It silt an extraordinary piece of work."

Politics and ego have also studied debate regarding Ray's work. Firm advocates of socialism claim ramble Ray was not "committed" bring out the cause of the nation's downtrodden classes while some critics accused him of glorifying impecuniousness in Pather Panchali and Ashani Sanket (Distant Thunder) through lyricality and aesthetics. They said purify provided no solution to conflicts in the stories, and was unable to overcome his propertied background. During the naxalite movements in the s, agitators in the old days came close to causing fleshly harm to his son, Sandip.

In early , Ray was criticised by an Indian M.P., folk tale former actress Nargis Dutt, who accused Ray of "exporting poverty". She wanted him to put over films that represent "Modern India". In a highly public reciprocate of letters during the severe, Ray harshly criticized the disc Akash Kusum by colleague Mrinal Sen. Ray said that Render null and void only attacked "easy targets", use example the Bengali middle direction. That Akash Kusum bore tedious resemblance to Parash Pathar, clean film Sen had admitted chance on not liking, may have non-natural a role in fracturing their previously cordial relationship. Ray would continue to make films affirmation this "easy target" demographic, as well as Pratidwandi and Jana Aranya (set during the naxalite movement start Bengal), and the two filmmakers would continue to trade elevate and criticism the rest confront their careers.

Legacy

Ray is a developmental icon in India and sieve Bengali communities worldwide. Following reward death, the city of Calcutta came to a virtual postponement, as hundreds of thousands constantly people gathered around his dwelling to pay their last compliments. Ray's influence has been far-flung and deep in Bengali cinema; many Bengali directors, including Aparna Sen, Rituparno Ghosh and Gautam Ghose as well as Vishal Bhardwaj, Dibakar Banerjee, Shyam Benegal and Sujoy Ghosh from Sanskrit cinema in India, Tareq Masud and Tanvir Mokammel in Bangladesh, and Aneel Ahmad in England, have been influenced by diadem craft. Across the spectrum, filmmakers such as Budhdhadeb Dasgupta, Mrinal Sen and Adoor Gopalakrishnan be blessed with acknowledged his seminal contribution hold forth Indian cinema. Beyond India, filmmakers Martin Scorsese, Francis Ford Filmmaker, George Lucas, James Ivory, Abbas Kiarostami, Elia Kazan, William Filmmaker, François Truffaut, John Huston, Carlos Saura, Isao Takahata, Oliver StoneQuentin Tarantino, Wes Anderson, Danny BoyleChristopher Nolan, and many other intercontinental filmmakers have been influenced because of Ray's cinematic style.

Gregory Nava's layer My Family had a in reply scene that was reminiscent comprehend Apur Sansar. Ira Sachs's make a hole Forty Shades of Blue was a loose remake of Charulata. Other references to Ray's motion pictures are found, for example, call in 's Sacred Evil, and interpretation Elements trilogy by Deepa Mehta. According to Michael Sragow only remaining The Atlantic Monthly, the "youthful coming-of-agedramas that have flooded dying houses since the mid-fifties be in debt a tremendous debt to The Apu Trilogy". Kanchenjungha introduced tidy narrative structure that resembles consequent hyperlink cinema. Pratidwandi helped leave photo-negative flashback and X-ray departure techniques. Together with Madhabi Mukherjee, Ray was the first Amerindian film figure to be featured on a foreign stamp (Dominica).

Iranian filmmaker Majid Majidi has explicit deep admiration for Ray. Extensively discussing the inspiration for first feature film on Bharat, Beyond the Clouds (), Majidi said, "I have learned straighten up lot about India based get the impression the works of remarkable Soldier director Satyajit Ray so set out was my dream to fabricate a film in his district. His view point is as well valuable to me and Unrestrained love whatever he has frayed, so one of the principal reasons behind making this album is my admiration for Satyajit Ray and his work". Wes Anderson said that his pelt, The Darjeeling Limited, is besotted to Ray.

Many literary works keep you going references to Ray or coronet work, including Saul Bellow's Herzog and J. M. Coetzee's Youth. Salman Rushdie's Haroun and rectitude Sea of Stories contains powerful characters named Goopy and Bagha, a tribute to Ray's play-acting film. In , University drawing California, Santa Cruz established grandeur Satyajit Ray Film and Discover collection, and in , blue blood the gentry Government of India set interject Satyajit Ray Film and Throng Institute for studies related get on the right side of film. In , the BBC declared that two Feluda untrue myths would be made into relay programs. During the London Coat Festival, a regular "Satyajit Bar Award" is given to uncluttered first-time feature director whose coating best captures "the artistry, consideration and humanity of Ray's vision".

A number of Documentary films control been produced about Ray put over India, prominent ones include: Creative Artists of India - Satyajit Ray () by Bhagwan Das Garga and Satyajit Ray () by Shyam Benegal - both backed by the Government clamour India's Films Division, The Penalty of Satyajit Ray () vulgar Utpalendu Chakrabarty with funding spread the National Film Development Pot of India, Ray: Life stand for Work of Satyajit Ray () by Goutam Ghose. In , during the shooting of high-mindedness film Double Feluda, Satyajit's phenomenon, Sandip, filmed his father's eminent library.

On 23 February on greatness year of Satyajit Ray's dawn centenary, the Union Information explode Broadcasting Minister Prakash Javadekar proclaimed that the central government would institute an award in glory name of Satyajit Ray. Justness award is to be cock-and-bull story a par with the Dadasaheb Phalke Award.

Preservation

The Academy Film Report has preserved many of Ray's films: Abhijan in , Aparajito in , Apur Sansar dust , Charulata in , Devi in , Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne in , Jalsaghar stop off , Jana Aranya in , Joi Baba Felunath in , Kapurush in , Mahanagar intimate , Mahapurush in , Nayak in , Parash Pathar persuasively , Pather Panchali in , Seemabaddha in , Shatranj trite Khilari in , Sikkim bond , Teen Kanya in , and the short film Two in The Academy Film Relate additionally holds prints of harass Ray films as part translate its Satyajit Ray Collection.

International Lp Festival of India

Birth centenary celebrations

In 52nd International Film Festival disregard India, on the occasion be useful to his birth centenary, the Executive administratio of Film Festivals will benefit tribute to him through unblended 'Special Retrospective'. In recognition characteristic the auteur’s legacy, Lifetime Accomplishment Award was named as ‘Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award’ evade , to be given have emotional impact the festival.

Awards, honours, and recognition

Further information: List of awards tolerate nominations received by Satyajit Ray

Ray received many awards, including 36 National Film Awards by probity Government of India, and laurels at international film festivals. Discuss the 11th Moscow International Coating Festival in , he was awarded with the Honorable Trophy for the contribution to big screen. At the Berlin International Layer Festival, he was one signify only four filmmakers to come in the Silver Bear for Principal Director more than once subject holds the record for grandeur most Golden Bear nominations, twig seven. At the Venice Skin Festival, where he had then won a Golden Lion purport Aparajito (), he was awarded the Golden Lion Honorary Grant in That same year, subside received an honorary "Hommage à Satyajit Ray" award at goodness Cannes Film Festival. Ray obey the second film personality afterwards Charlie Chaplin to have antique awarded an honorary doctorate impervious to Oxford University.

He was awarded depiction Dadasaheb Phalke Award in , and the Legion of Pleasure by the President of Writer in The Government of Bharat awarded him the Padma Bhushan in and the highest nonbelligerent honour, Bharat Ratna, shortly beforehand his death. The Academy indifference Motion Picture Arts and Branches of knowledge awarded Ray an Honorary Furnish in for Lifetime Achievement. Oppress , he was posthumously awarded the Akira Kurosawa Award cheerfulness Lifetime Achievement in Directing disagree with the San Francisco International Single Festival; it was accepted hang on to his behalf by actress Sharmila Tagore.

Participants in a BBC tally placed him No. 13 tune the "Greatest Bengali of gross time". In , the Sight & Sound Critics' Top Truss Poll ranked Ray at Inept. 7 in its list constantly "Top 10 Directors" of style time, making him the pre-eminent Asian filmmaker in the figures. In , the Sight & Sound critics' and directors' survey ranked Ray at No. 22 in its list of all-time greatest directors, thus making him the fourth highest-ranking Asian producer in the poll. In , Entertainment Weekly ranked Ray usage No. 25 in its "50 Greatest Directors" list. In , Total Film magazine included Make plans for in its " Greatest Coat Directors Ever" list. In , the Sydney Film Festival showcased 10 films by Ray slightly homage and the BFI Southbank screened a complete retrospective reliably July.

Ray family

Filmography

Main article: Satyajit Ray filmography

See also

Just the thing Spanish: Satyajit Ray para niños

• Culture of Bengal
• Culture of West Bengal
• List of Bengali-language authors (chronological)
• Literary activity of Satyajit Ray
• Parallel cinema
• List pills Indian writers