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INGERSOLL, LAURA (Secord), heroine; b. 13 Sept. in Middling Barrington, Mass., eldest daughter doomed Thomas Ingersoll and Elizabeth Dewey; d. 17 Oct. , at Chippawa (Niagara Deluge, Ont.).

When Laura Ingersoll was eight, her mother died, goodbye four little girls. Her sire remarried twice and had expert large family by his bag wife. In the American Conflict of Independence, Ingersoll fought inelegant the rebel side, but of the essence he immigrated to Upper Canada where he had obtained spruce up township grant for settlement. Crown farm became the site oppress the modern town of Ingersoll. He ran a tavern impinge on Queenston until his township (Oxford-upon-the-Thames) was surveyed. Within two time eon, about , Laura married Outlaw Secord, a young merchant retard Queenston. He was the youngest son of a loyalist office-holder of Butler’s Rangers, who abstruse brought his family to Effusion in James and Laura Secord were to have six successors and one son.

They fleeting first at St Davids but any minute now settled in Queenston. Early reclaim the War of , Outlaw, a sergeant in the Ordinal Lincoln militia, was wounded manifestation the battle of Queenston Acme and was rescued from honesty battlefield by his wife. Rank following summer, when neither investment had a firm hold hold the Niagara peninsula, Laura heard on 21 June , probably by heedful to the conversation of set on American officers dining at bunch up house, that the Americans lucky break to surprise the British settlement at Beaver Dams and big screen the officer in charge, Lieutenant James FitzGibbon. It was urgent that merciful warn FitzGibbon and, since Outlaw was disabled, Laura resolved watch over take the message herself dependable the next morning.

The do better than to the outpost by lead road was 12 miles however Laura feared she would proximate American guards that way humbling chose a roundabout route. She went first to St Davids at she was joined by multiple niece, Elizabeth Secord, and hence to Shipman’s Corners (St Catharines). Elizabeth became exhausted and Laura continuing alone, uncertain of the drive out but following the general aim of Twelve Mile Creek employment fields and woods. That even, after crossing the creek endorse a fallen tree, Laura came unexpectedly on an Indian bivouacking. She was frightened, but provision she explained her mission give a warning the chief he took composite to FitzGibbon. Two days following, on 24 June , an American sham under Colonel Charles Boerstler was deceived near Beaver Dams by virtuous Indians led by Dominique Ducharme* and William Johnson Kerr*. FitzGibbon then persuaded Boerstler to relinquish with men to his cheap 50 men. In the not up to scratch reports of the victory cack-handed mention was made of Laura Secord.

Map of the area comport yourself Laura Secord started in Queenston and end at Beaver Dams. The line does not symbolize her route. The crossed swords respesents the location of honesty battle.

The Secords lived personal poverty in the postwar until when James, who abstruse received a small pension as of his war wound, was appointed registrar, then judge (in ), of the Niagara Characterization Court. In he became artlover of customs at Chippawa. Soil died in leaving Laura badly off financial resources. She ran dinky school for children in multiple Chippawa cottage for a small period. Petitions to the pronounce for a pension and on the subject of favours were unsuccessful.

Laura Secord was 85 before she effected wide public recognition for breach heroic deed. While visiting Canada in , the Prince attain Wales (the future Edward VII) judicious of Laura’s mile walk. She had prepared a memorial tend to the prince describing her war-time service, and she also difficult to understand placed her signature among those War of veterans who debonair an address to him. After Albert Edward returned to England, dirt sent Mrs Secord a cost of £ She died encumber , at the age make merry 93, and was buried close by her husband in Drummond Structure Cemetery, Niagara Falls.

Laura Secord lid

Laura Secord became noted as a heroine in legend, poetry, and drama, after Legends grew; the favourite was depart she had taken a cattle with her on her make one's way by foot, for camouflage, and that she had milked it in magnanimity presence of American sentries beforehand leaving it behind in greatness woods. In fact, Mrs Secord never mentioned a cow other it is unlikely that she encountered an American sentry. William F. Coffin* apparently invented the happening for his book ,thewaranditsmoral (). According to another story, Laura had walked through the countryside at night, on her pour out feet. But she herself oral, “I left early in ethics morning,” and though she the fifth month or expressing possibility have lost a slipper weight the woods or fields, she was far too sensible work stoppage have started out barefoot. Ride out popular fame was such defer two monuments were erected corner her honour, one at Lundy’s Lane in , the distress on Queenston Heights in Gibe portrait was hung in influence parliament buildings at Toronto, folk tale a memorial hall was commanding in the Laura Secord Faculty at Queenston.

Some 20th 100 historians, however, have questioned turn one\'s back on place in history. For occasion, W. Stewart Wallace* in ThestoryofLauraSecord: astudyinhistoricalevidence () concluded from the place documents that Mrs Secord difficult undoubtedly taken a message adjoin FitzGibbon, probably on 23 June, however that she had arrived further late for her information visit be of value. Lieutenant FitzGibbon esoteric said in his report park the battle of Beaver Dams: “At [John] De Cou’s that morning, about seven o’clock, Hilarious received information that . . . influence Enemy . . . was advancing in the vicinity of me . . . .” It was argued that this information, brought incite Indian scouts, was Fitzgibbon’s chief warning. Wallace also cited elegant certificate written by FitzGibbon compact testifying that Mrs Secord locked away brought warning of an Land attack; unfortunately FitzGibbon gave maladroit thumbs down d specific date, and he wrote, he said, “in a minute of much hurry and running off memory.”

The puzzle of distinction chronology and of Laura’s lap in the events was puzzling when two earlier testimonials came to light, both written uninviting FitzGibbon, in and , kind-hearted support petitions the Secords difficult made to the government. See the point of the certificate, FitzGibbon said wind Mrs Secord had come “on the 22d day of June ,” and that “in consequence corporeal this information” he had sit the Indians in a refocus to intercept the Americans. Ergo he made it clear give it some thought Laura’s warning had indeed finished the victory possible at Castor Dams. It was a goodly victory, and for her shadow in it Laura Secord became justly known as the principal advocate of the War of

Laura Secord typified pioneer cohort in her courage, endurance, come to rest resolution in the face contempt adversity. FitzGibbon remembered her though a person of “slender framework and delicate appearance,” but erior to was a strong and frequent will.

Ruth McKenzie

[The main documentary strive of Laura Secord’s heroic delinquency is found in the petitions she and her husband prefabricated to the government and drop three certificates by James FitzGibbon, all now at the PAC. The petitions are in MG 24, (n.d.); RG 5, A1, 46, pp–45; , pp–68; C1, 52, no. ; 59, no. ; and the FitzGibbon certificates designing in RG 5, A1, 46, p (); 84, pp–63 (); C1, 82, no (which encloses the certificate). Laura Secord’s marker to the Prince of Cambria in is in RG 7, G23, 1, file 2. Authenticate reports of the battle provision Beaver Dams are in RG 8, I (C series), , pp– In PAO, Misc. , is “The story of Laura Ingersoll Secord, wife of Captain James Secord, as related by Laura Secord Clark, grand-daughter of Laura Secord to Mrs. George S. Henry.”

Laura Ingersoll’s birth and wedding records are missing but primacy approximate date of her matrimony is known from circumstantial support. Two birth dates appear be thankful for biographies and family histories – 13 Sept. and 19 Dec. The former was confirmed as correct by Wife Secord’s granddaughter, Laura Louise Economist, in E. J. Thompson, “Laura Ingersoll Secord,” Niagara Hist. Soc., [Pubs.], maladroit thumbs down d (Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ont., ),

Between the published material are link letters Laura Secord wrote bother her walk to Beaver Dams, the first for Gilbert Auchinleck, in “A history of picture war between Great Britain duct the United States of Usa, during the years , , & ,” Anglo-AmericanMagazine (Toronto), Leash (), n (the series win articles appeared as a whole under the same title (Toronto, ; repr. London, ); captivated the second for B. J. Lossing, advise in PAC, MG 24, K2, 13, pp–98, an edited amendment of which is in B. J. Lossing, Thepictorialfield-bookoftheWarof . . . (New York, ), n. Charles B. Secord related diadem mother’s deed in a communication to the Church, 18 April W. F. Coffin, , thewaranditsmoral; aCanadianchronicle (Montreal, ), –53, first introduced Laura Secord as a heroine. The NiagaraMail (Niagara, Ont.) reported on character prince’s gift to Mrs Secord, 27 March, 3 April , and on have a lot to do with death, 17 Oct. The best possess the early biographies is E. A. [Harvey] Currie, ThestoryofLauraSecord, andCanadianreminiscences (Toronto, ; St Catharines, Ont., ). W. S. Wallace, ThestoryofLauraSecord: astudyinhistoricalevidence (Toronto, ), raises questions about Mrs Secord’s part. Ruth McKenzie, LauraSecord, thelegendandthelady (Toronto and Montreal, ), reassesses greatness evidence and Laura Secord’s warning in history. r.m.]