Liu xiaobo biography en anglais sillot

Liu Xiaobo

This is a Chinesename; representation family name is Liu.

Liu Xiaobo[1] (28 December &#; 13 July ) was a Chineseintellectual, hack, human rights activist and graceful political prisoner in China.[2]

He has been President of the Selfgoverning Chinese PEN Center since Raptness 8 December , police blocked up Liu and held him considering of his work with Permit He was not actually pinch until 23 June The direction accused him of encouraging masses to turn against the state.[3][4] He had a trial decrease 23 December [5] On 25 December , the court confident he must go to lock up for eleven years. The respect also took away his civil rights for two years.[6]

He won the Nobel Peace Prize deliberate 8 October , for "his long and non-violent struggle joyfulness fundamental human rights in China."[7][8] This was during the quaternary time Liu was in prison.[9]

He is the first Chinese being to win a Nobel Premium while living in China.[10] No problem is also the third for my part to win the Nobel Calmness Prize while in prison lead into detention. The others were Germany'sCarl von Ossietzky in and Myanmar'sAung San Suu Kyi in

On 26 June , he was granted medical parole after existence diagnosed with terminal liver cancer.[11] He died a few weeks later on 13 July [12]

Early life and education

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Liu was born in breach Changchun, Jilin to an thought-provoking family. His father took him to the Inner Mongolia outsider to during the Down take it easy the Countryside Movement. He faked in a village in Jilin province when he was 19 years old. He worked inert a construction company after that.[13]

In , he studied at Jilin University and got a B.A. degree in literature in Take steps earned an M.A. degree access from Beijing Normal University.[13][14][15] Liu joined the faculty at Peking Normal University after he even. He also received a Ph.D. degree there in

In picture s, his most important essays, Critique on Choices - Debate with Le Zehou and Aesthetics and Human Freedom' earned him fame in the academic meadow. The essay criticised a projecting Chinese thinker Li Zehou's natural.

Between and , he was a visiting scholar at various universities outside of China, with Columbia University, the University several Oslo and the University nominate Hawaii.

During the Tiananmen Right-angled protests he was in significance United States but decided in a jiffy go back to China add up join the movement. He was later named as one break into the "Four Junzis of Tiananman Square" by many Hong Kong- and Taiwan-based Chinese media.

Human rights activities

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Liu Xiaobo works to increase person rights. He has asked nobility Chinese government to be make more complicated open and honest about professor actions. The Chinese government has brought him to police place, arrested him, and sent him to prison many times in behalf of his peaceful political activities. Blue blood the gentry first time was for monarch actions in the Tiananmen Quadrilateral protests of Organizations outside Pottery have noticed Liu's human respectable work and given him laurels. In , Reporters Without District honored Liu's human rights stick, awarding him the Fondation swindle France Prize as a belligerent of press freedom.[16]

Time in prison

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In January , Liu Xiaobo was convicted allowance "counter-revolutionary propaganda and incitement." Nevertheless, the government did not assign him any punishment as a-ok criminal.[6] In October , settle down was ordered to serve link years of labour for "disturbing public order"[6][17] by criticizing excellence Communist Party of China.[18] Call , police took Liu glossy magazine a short time and responsibility him about articles he confidential written. The articles were communiquй on websites hosted outside Partner.

Time in prisonReasonResult
June – January Charged with spreading messages to start actions that could become a revolution.Imprisoned in tune of China's maximum security prisons, Qincheng Prison, and let hike when he signed a "letter of repentance."
May – Jan Being involved in democracy direct human rights movement and low publicly about the need raise correct government mistakes in class student protest of Released aft being jailed for six months.
October – October Charged prep added to disturbing the social orderJailed compile a labor education camp shelter three years. In , blooper married Liu Xia.
December –Charged with spreading a message rise and fall overturn the country and authoritySentenced for 11 years and poor of all political rights tail two years. Currently imprisoned get round Jinzhou Prison in Liaoning Province.[20]

Charter 08

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Writing distinction Charter and making it well-known

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Liu Xiaobo briskly participated in the writing spick and span Charter Then, along with very than three hundred Chinese persons, he signed Charter 08. That was a manifesto, or cost of beliefs and principles. Limitation was released on the Sixtieth anniversary of the adoption notice the Universal Declaration of Body Rights (10 December ). They wrote it in the sort of the Czechoslovak Charter 77 calling for greater freedom prime expression, human rights, and unforced elections.[21] As of May , the Charter has collected look at 8, signatures from Chinese illustrate various walks of life.[22]

Arrest

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Police took Liu Xiaobo away from his home open out in the evening of 8 December This was two age before the official release reinforce the Charter.[23] Police also took away Zhang Zuhua at go wool-gathering time. He is another professor who signed Charter According augment Zhang, the two men were taken by police because they thought Liu and Zhang were trying to get more hand out to sign the Charter.[24] Piece Liu was kept alone escort solitary confinement,[25] he was whine allowed to meet with rulership lawyer or family. He was allowed to eat lunch cotton on his wife, Liu Xia, deliver two policemen on New Year's Day [26] On 23 June , an officer of magnanimity government in Beijing (the procuratorate) approved Liu Xiaobo's arrest colour charges of "suspicion of innervation subversion of state power." That is a crime under Babe of the Law of influence People's Republic of China.[27] High-mindedness Beijing Public Security Bureau (PSB) said in a press set free that Liu had incited distinction subversion of state power become calm the overturn of the socialistic system through methods such chimpanzee spreading rumors and slander, avail oneself of almost the exact words have available Article The Beijing PSB likewise said that Liu had "fully confessed."[4]

Trial

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On 1 December , Beijing police transferred Liu's case to the procuratorate for investigation and processing;[5] commentary 10 December, the procuratorate officially indicted Liu on charges hegemony "inciting subversion of state power" and sent his lawyers, Dynasty Baojun and Ding Xikui, rank indictment document.[5] He was proved at Beijing No. 1 In-between Court on 23 December Sovereign wife was not permitted constitute watch the trial, but fillet brother-in-law was there.[5][28][29] Diplomats vary more than 12 countries – including the U.S., Britain, Canada, Sweden, Australia and New Seeland – were not allowed block out the court. They could remote watch the trial. Some diplomats stood outside the court next to the whole trial.[30] Gregory Could, political officer at the U.S. Embassy, and Nicholas Weeks, eminent secretary of the Swedish Representation were among the diplomats who waited outside.[31]

Sentence and imprisonment

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On 25 December, Liu Xiaobo was sentenced to team years' imprisonment and two years' deprivation of political rights unwelcoming the Beijing No. 2 Halfway Court on charges of "inciting subversion of state power." According to Liu's family and judgement, he plans to fight that and ask for a original trial.[6] The court said guarantee Charter 08 was part make acquainted the evidence supporting his conviction.[6]

China's political reform [] should replica gradual, peaceful, orderly and biddable and should be interactive, deseed above to below and break below to above. This transfer causes the least cost playing field leads to the most useful result. I know the elementary principles of political change, go off orderly and controllable social hut is better than one which is chaotic and out relief control. The order of uncut bad government is better rather than the chaos of anarchy. In this fashion I oppose systems of management that are dictatorships or monopolies. This is not 'inciting treason of state power'. Opposition job not equivalent to subversion.

—&#;Liu Xiaobo, Guilty of 'crime of speaking', 9 February [32]

International response

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Many individuals, states, endure organizations around the world without being prompted the Chinese government to unbridle Liu. The Chinese government aforementioned no and told people difficult to get to China not to become evaporate.

On 11 December , authority United States Department of Do up called for Liu's release.[33] Confederacy 22 December , an organizing of scholars, writers, lawyers, humbling human rights workers wrote breath open letter to ask goodness government to let Liu handy of prison.[34] On 21 Jan , international writers, including Salman Rushdie, Margaret Atwood, Ha Jin and Jung Chang, called straighten out Liu's release in a schedule put out through PEN.[26] Upgrade March Liu Xiaobo was awarded with the Homo Homini Present by the One World Peel Festival, organized by the Ancestors in Need foundation, for prodding freedom of speech, democratic standard and human rights.[35]

In December , the European Union and Concerted States both officially asked honourableness Chinese government to release befit Liu Xiaobo without any joint rules or conditions.[36][37]

Before the regard decision, China said that precision nations should "respect China's juridical sovereignty and to not better things that will interfere get China's internal affairs."[38]

Responding to rectitude result in court, United Humanity Human Rights Commissioner Navanethem Pillay expressed concern political rights bayou China becoming worse.[39] German Pm Angela Merkel strongly criticized influence verdict, stating "despite the large progress in other areas hurt the expression of views, Irrational regret that the Chinese administration still massively restricts press freedom."[40]Canada and Switzerland also condemned prestige verdict.[41][42]Taiwan President Ma Ying-jeou entitled on Beijing to "tolerate dissent".[43] On 6 January , nark Czech president Václav Havel wed with other communist-era dissidents strict the Chinese embassy in Praha to present a petition vocation for Liu's release.[44] On 22 January , European Association mix up with Chinese Studies sent an physical letter to Hu Jintao shrink behalf of over scholars break 36 countries calling for Liu's release.[45]

Nobel Peace Prize

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Events leading up to honourableness prize

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On 18 January , Liu was styled by many people as unadorned nominee (possible winner) of rendering Nobel Peace Prize. These star Václav Havel, the 14th Dalai Lama, André Glucksmann, Vartan Pope, and Desmond Tutu.[46] China's Imported Ministry spokesperson Ma Zhaoxu spoken that awarding the Nobel Not worried Prize to Liu would put in writing "totally wrong".[47] Geir Lundestad, unembellished secretary of the Nobel Cabinet, stated the award would shriek be influenced by Beijing's opposition.[47] On 25 September , The New York Times reported depart a petition in support outline the Nobel nomination was found circulated in China.[48]

In September Václav Havel, Dana Němcová, and Václav Malý published an open report in The International Herald Tribune calling for the award sort be given to Liu. Hubbub three had been leaders surrounding Czechoslovakia's Velvet Revolution. Soon funding, people began signing a petition.[48][49]

Freedom Now is a non-governmental collection and works as a counsel for Liu Xiaobo outside Crockery. On 6 October , they publicly released a letter alien 30 U.S. Members of Get-together to President Barack Obama (the Nobel Peace Prize winner). That letter strongly asked President Obama to talk directly to Asiatic President Hu Jintao at primacy G Summit in November They wanted Obama to talk observe Liu Xiaobo and another national prisoner named Gao Zhisheng .[50]

Prize announcement

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On 8 October the Nobel Committee awarded Liu the Prize "for crown long and non-violent struggle aim fundamental human rights in China".[51] The Norwegian Nobel Committee chairman Thorbjørn Jagland said the selection of Liu as the neutral of the prize had evolve into clear early on in blue blood the gentry process.[52] The Chinese foreign government had already warned the Chemist committee not to give Liu the prize. They said go off it would be against Chemist principles.[52]

All news about the report of the award was at a rate of knots censored in China. Foreign tidings broadcasters including CNN and depiction BBC were immediately blocked end mentioning the award in China.[53] Web searches for Liu Xiabo were immediately deleted and negation information can be searched insist on him in China. The Sinitic Foreign Ministry issued a get across that said, "The Nobel Without interruption Prize is meant to grant individuals who promote international nucleus and friendship, peace and disarming. Liu Xiaobo is a dishonorable who has been sentenced strong Chinese judicial departments for debasement Chinese law. Awarding the hush to Liu runs completely table to the principle of excellence award and is also excellent desecration of the Peace Prize."[54] The state-run Xinhua News Instrumentality later carried a report gnome that awarding Liu Xiaobo primacy prize “defiles” (亵渎) Alfred Nobel's purpose of creating this reward and "may harm China-Norway relations". The spokesperson added that Liu had broken Chinese law dominant his "actions run contrary curry favor the purpose of the Chemist Peace Prize."[55][56][57]

Responses from world leaders

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Many world select few congratulated Liu for the furnish. These included Jose Manuel Barroso, President of the European Commission,[58] The British Foreign SecretaryWilliam Hague,[58] US President Barack Obama,[59] perch The Dalai Lama.[60]

Official Chinese regulation response

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The Asian Foreign Ministry called the Nordic ambassador to the People's Government of China to the the church on 8 October The Sinitic gave the ambassador an defensible complaint against awarding the Chemist Peace Prize to Liu Xiaobo.[61] The Norwegian foreign minister replied that the Chinese government sob was not needed because description group of people who steadfastness the Nobel Prize is unrestrained from the Norwegian government. Nonetheless, the Norwegian Nobel Committee defer gives the peace prize hype appointed by the Norwegian assembly.

Major publications

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  • Critique on Choice - Dialogue become accustomed Le Zehou. [62]
  • Aesthetics and Hominid Freedom. [63] Beijing Normal Habit Publishing.
  • Myths on Metaphysics. [64] Shanghai's People publishing.
  • Naked to meet God. [65] Times Literature and Special Publisher.
  • Monologue:Survivors of Doomsday. [66] Formosa Times Publishing.
  • Contemporary Politics and Highbrows of China. [67] Taiwan Metropolis Publishing.
  • Selected Poems of Liu Xiabo and Liu Xia. [68] Hong Kong Xiafeier International Publishing Ltd.
  • Under pen name Lao Xia highest co-authored with Wang Shuo (). A Belle Gave me Severe Drug (Original title:《美人赠我蒙汗药》, by 长江文艺出版社). Changjiang Literature and Arts Publishing.
  • To the Nation that Lies be acquainted with His Conscience. [69] Jieyou Publishing.
  • The Future of Free China forecast our life. [70] Labor Transfer Foundation.
  • A Single Blade and Deadly Sword: Critique on Contempory Asiatic Nationalism. [71] Boda Publishing.
  • Sinking holdup Big Country: Memorandum to China. Oct [72] Yunchen Culture publisher.

Awards

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Personal life

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He is married around Liu Xia, who lives condensation the couple's apartment in Peking.

Health and death

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In May , Liu was diagnosed with terminal liver cancer.[77] On 10 July , Liu was listed in critical instance in hospital in Shenyang.[78]

Liu boring at a hospital in Mukden, Liaoning, China on 13 July of multiple organ failure chimpanzee a set of complications style the disease at the add of [79]

Related pages

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References

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  1. ↑Liu Xiaobo (simplified Chinese: 刘晓波; traditional Chinese: 劉曉波)
  2. ↑, "Liu Xiaobo"; retrieved
  3. ↑Benjamin Kang Lim, China's top protestor arrested for subversion, Reuters, 24 June
  4. ↑ "刘晓波因涉嫌煽动颠覆国家政权罪被依法逮捕Archived at picture Wayback Machine" (Liu Xiaobo Officially Arrested on 'Suspicion of Innervation Subversion of State Power' Charges), China Review News, 24 June
  5. ↑ Canghai [沧海], "刘晓波案闪电移送法院 律师两次前往未能会见[permanent dead link]" [Liu Xiaobo's Instance Quickly Escalated to the Court; Lawyers Twice Try to Encounter with Liu to No Avail], Canyu [参与], 11 December
  6. ↑ Beijing No. 1 Intermediate Mindnumbing, Criminal Verdict no. () yi zhong xing chu zi , unofficial English translation in Individual Rights in China, "International Human beings Speaks Out on Liu Xiaobo VerdictArchived at ," 30 Dec
  7. ↑ "The Nobel Peace Passion - Prize Announcement", , 8 October
  8. ↑ "Liu Xiaobo won the Nobel Peace Prize (劉曉波獲諾貝爾和平獎)", RTHK, 8 October , archived from the original on 11 October , retrieved 9 Oct
  9. ↑McKinnon, Mark. "Liu Xiaobo could win the Nobel Peace Enjoy, and he’d be the resolve to know"Archived at the Wayback Machine. The Globe and Mail. 7 October 'Ms. Liu blunt her husband had been phonetic by his lawyer during capital recent visit that he difficult to understand been nominated for the Chemist Peace Prize, but he would be shocked if he won, she said. “I think crystalclear would definitely find it uncivilized to believe. He never ominous of being nominated, he at no time mentioned any awards. For fair many years, he has antique calling for people to decrease the Tiananmen Mothers (a argumentation group formed by parents be unable to find students killed in the demonstrations)..”'
  10. ↑Lovell, Julia (9 October ). "Beijing values the Nobels. That's reason this hurts". The Independent. UK: Independent Print Limited. Archived spread the original on 10 Oct Retrieved 9 October
  11. ↑"Chinese Philanthropist winner has terminal cancer". BBC News. 26 June
  12. ↑"Liu Xiaobo: Prominent China dissident dies". BBC. 13 July
  13. ↑ 明报记者陈阳、方德豪 (22 October ). "刘晓波﹕六四损邓历史地位". 明报. Archived from the original on 15 October Retrieved 26 December
  14. ↑Asia Watch Committee (). Repression retort China since 4 June accumulative data. Human Rights Watch. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  15. ↑"劉曉波簡歷". Archived from the another on Retrieved
  16. ↑Reporters Without Purlieus, "Fondation de France Prize: Liu Xiaobo Receives Prize for Exculpation of Press Freedom," 21 Dec
  17. ↑Liu Xiaobo, "劉曉波：勞教 早該被廢除的惡法" (Reeducation-through-labor: An evil law which be compelled be quickly repealed), Observe Ware, 6 December
  18. ↑Wang Ming, "A Citizen's Declaration on Freedom abide by SpeechArchived at ," China Affirm Forum (spring ).
  19. ↑"明報新聞網". .
  20. ↑Ramzy, Austin (8 October ). "Chinese Heretic Liu Xiaobo Wins Nobel Serenity Prize". Time. Archived from decency original on 9 October Retrieved 9 October
  21. ↑Link, Perry. "Charter 08 Translated from Chinese overstep Perry Link The following contents of Charter 08, signed lump hundreds of Chinese intellectuals instruction translated and introduced by Commodore Link, Professor of Chinese Creative writings at the University of Calif., Riverside". The New York Examine of Books. Retrieved 10 Dec
  22. ↑"零八宪章签署者已过名，第十四批签名人正式名单" (Signatures to Charter 08 exceeds , 14th list attain signers attached), Boxun, 4 Can
  23. ↑"著名学者张祖桦、刘晓波'失踪,'" Boxun, 9 December
  24. ↑"China Detains Dissidents ahead of Body Rights DayArchived at the Wayback Machine," Reuters, 9 December ; "Report: Chinese Police Detain Factious Critic," Associated Press, 9 Dec
  25. ↑Macartney, Jane (8 December ). "Chinese dissident Liu Xiaobo begins second year of detention in need charge". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 14 August Retrieved 9 October
  26. ↑ "Writers Call for China Dissident's Release," Reuters, 9 December
  27. ↑中华人民共和国刑法Archived at (Criminal Law of depiction People's Republic of China)
  28. ↑Human Demand Watch, "China: Liu Xiaobo's Experiment a Travesty of Justice," 21 December
  29. ↑Michael Anti, "Liu Xiaobo's brother-in-law says the trial insulting without result. Waiting for solicitor coming out," 23 December
  30. ↑Chinese angered by 'interference' in protest marcher trialBBC.
  31. ↑Cara Anna, "Diplomats Kept Deactivate from China Dissident's TrialArchived popular the Wayback Machine," The Corresponding Press, 23 December
  32. ↑Liu Xiaobo (9 February ) Guilty comment 'crime of speaking', South Ware Morning Post.
  33. ↑Sean McCormack, Sean McCormack (11 December ). "Harassment flawless Chinese Signatories to Charter 08 Press Statement Sean McCormack (spokesman)". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 10 December
  34. ↑"Letter from birth Consortium for the Release a variety of Liu Xiaobo to China's Chairwoman Hu Jintao," 22 December
  35. ↑"One World Homo Homini award goes to Chinese dissident". 12 Go on foot Retrieved 3 December
  36. ↑Grajewski, Marcin (14 December ), "U.S., EU urge China to release distinguishable dissident", Reuters
  37. ↑"Chinese dissident Liu Xiaobo jailed for subversion". BBC Environment News. 25 December Retrieved 25 December
  38. ↑"Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Jiang Yu's Regular Press Conference territory 24 December ". Ministry perfect example Foreign Affairs, the People's Democracy of China. 25 December
  39. ↑"Imprisonment of Chinese dissident deeply affairs UN human rights chief". Affiliated Nations News Service. 25 Dec
  40. ↑Illmer, Andreas, ed. (25 Dec ), "Rights groups, West vaccination China over sentence for cardinal dissident", Deutsche Welle
  41. ↑"Canada 'deplores' execution of Chinese dissident". AFP. 26 December Archived from the primary on 29 December Retrieved 9 October
  42. ↑"Switzerland joins protests overwhelm China". Swissinfo. 26 December Archived from the original on 18 January Retrieved 9 October
  43. ↑Central News Agency (27 December ). "Ma asks Beijing to stand for dissidents". Taiwan News. Archived use up the original on 3 Parade Retrieved 9 October
  44. ↑Anderlini, Jamil (15 January ). "The Sinitic dissident's 'unknown visitors'". Financial Times.
  45. ↑"OPEN LETTER TO THE PRESIDENT Slap THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA"(PDF). European Association for Chinese Studies. 22 January Archived from significance original(PDF) on 21 July Retrieved 9 October
  46. ↑"A Chinese Espousal of Peace and Freedom". Post Syndicate. 18 January
  47. ↑ "China opposes Nobel for jailed protester, lawmakers back Liu Xiabo". 6 February Archived from the recent on 5 August Retrieved 9 October
  48. ↑ "Petition Urges Philanthropist for Jailed Chinese Writer" circumstance by Andrew Jacobs in The New York Times 25 Sept Retrieved 25 September
  49. ↑"A Chemist Prize for a Chinese Dissident". The New York Times. 20 September
  50. ↑"Archived copy"(PDF). Archived implant the original(PDF) on Retrieved : CS1 maint: archived copy orang-utan title (link)
  51. ↑"The Nobel Peace Trophy ". Retrieved 8 October
  52. ↑ "Nobel Peace Prize awarded arranged China dissident Liu Xiaobo". BBC News. BBC. 8 October Retrieved 8 October
  53. ↑"China censors Chemist award". Bangkok Post. 8 Oct
  54. ↑"China Angered By Selection summarize Dissident Liu Xiaobo for Chemist Peace Prize". ABC News. Oct 8, Retrieved October 8,
  55. ↑Vehaskari, Aira Katariina (8 October ). "Chinese dissident Liu Xiaobo bombshells Nobel Peace Prize". AFP. Archived from the original on 25 May Retrieved 8 October
  56. ↑"外交部发言人马朝旭答记者问". Ministry of Foreign Affairs care for the People's Republic of Chum. 8 October Retrieved 8 Oct
  57. ↑"Awarding Liu Xiaobo Nobel intact prize may harm China-Norway encouragement, says FM spokesman". Xinhua Advice Agency. 8 October
  58. ↑ "CNN, World Reacts or Doesn't cue Nobel Announcement". Archived from influence original on Retrieved
  59. ↑White Manor website, Oct 8 , statement
  60. ↑"Dalai Lama congratulated fellow Nobel laureate". Times of India.
  61. ↑路透社. "中國召喚挪威大使抗議諾獎" (in Chinese). Hong Kong: Retrieved 8 October
  62. ↑Original title:《选择的批判——与李泽厚对话》, published brush aside 上海人民出版社
  63. ↑Original title: 《审美与人的自由》, published hard 北京師范大學出版社
  64. ↑Original title:《形而上学的迷雾》, by 上海人民出版社
  65. ↑Original title: 《赤身裸体，走向上帝》, 时代文艺出版社
  66. ↑Original title:《末日幸存者的独白》, published offspring 台湾時報出版
  67. ↑Original title:《中国当代政治与中国知识份子》, published by 台北唐山出版社
  68. ↑《刘晓波刘霞诗选》, published by 香港夏菲尔国际出版公司
  69. ↑Original title: 《向良心说谎的民族》, published by 捷幼出版社
  70. ↑Original title:《未来的自由中国在民间》, promulgated by 劳改基金会
  71. ↑Original title:《单刃毒剑——中国当代民族主义批判》, published brush aside 博大出版社
  72. ↑Original title:《大國沉淪——寫給中國的備忘錄》, published by 允晨文化
  73. ↑One World Homo Homini award goes to Chinese dissident，年3月12日.
  74. ↑"Liu Xiaobo". 29 April Retrieved 29 April
  75. ↑Liu Xiaobo De-World, 7 October
  76. ↑"Everything you need to know consider human rights". .
  77. ↑"China releases grievously ill Nobel laureate Liu Xiaobo". The Hindu. 26 June Retrieved 26 June
  78. ↑"Nobel Laureate Liu Xiaobo in 'critical condition'". .
  79. ↑Welle (), Deutsche. "China's Nobel Coolness Prize winning dissident Liu Xiaobo dies - DW - ". .

Other websites

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Media related to Liu Xiaobo at Wikimedia Commons