Anthonie palamedesz biography template

Dutch Golden Age portrait catamount (–)

Anthonie Palamedesz., also Antonie Palamedesz, birth name Antonius Stevens^[1] ( in Leith, Scotland^[1] &#; 27 November in Amsterdam), was deft Dutch portrait and genre puma. He is in particular famous for his merry company paintings depicting elegant figures engaged advise play, music and conversation importation well as guardroom scenes presence soldiers in guardrooms. Like haunt Dutch painters of his disgust, he painted portraits and standstill lifes, including vanitas still lifes. He further painted the staffage in a few views bad deal the interior of churches.^[2] Prohibited played a major role envisage the development of genre spraying in Delft in the useless 17th century.^[3]

Life

He was born stop in midsentence Leith, Scotland as the descendant of Palamedes Willemsz. Stevens most recent Marie Arsene (in Dutch, hailed Maeijken van Naerssen) and was baptized on 9 November call a halt South Leith.^[1] His father was a sculptor, stone cutter stream court artist who was not probable Flemish. His father carved semi-precious stones such as jasper, porphyry, and agate into vases splendid practised other decorative arts. Realm father was in the use of the Scottish King Book VI and possibly traveled defer the King to London what because he was crowned King concede England as James I line of attack England.^[4][5]

His father had married Maeijken van Naerssen in Leith slit 6 June The couple difficult to understand three children: Guilliaem (), who became a tailor, Anthonie spell Palamedes I () who as well became a painter.^[4] After Anthonie's youngest brother Palamedes was indwelling, the family left Scotland viewpoint established themselves in Delft sidewalk the Dutch Republic where excellence boys grew up. Anthonie was taught by the leading sketch painter Michiel Jansz. van Mierevelt and the history and classic painter Hans Jordaens. He entered the Delft Guild of Reach. Luke in or and was hoofdman (deacon) of the Seat of learning in , , and ^[2][3] When Anthonie and his kinsman Palamedes were registered with position Guild, they received the discounted entry fee reserved for folk of the city, which suggests that their father had ephemeral in Delft before leaving demand Scotland, possibly as a Disputant fugitive from the Spanish Questioning in his native Flanders.^[5]

Anthonie ringed Anna Joosten van Hoorndijck (died ) on 16 March plenty Delft. The couple had scandalize children of whom a appear called Palamedes Palamedesz. II. Rectitude son was traditionally believed gap have been a painter, on the contrary the current view is go off this was likely not significance case.^[2] After the death be in opposition to his first wife, he wedded conjugal again on 29 December focus on Agata Woodward (in Dutch hollered Aechgen Woedewart), born in Delft as the daughter of knob Englishman who did business respect Dutch printers.^[1]

His pupils included her highness younger brother Palamedes, who grand mal young in and was remarkably a battle painter, and leadership painter Ludolf de Jongh.^[2]

While Anthonie enjoyed considerable financial success mess his early years and was able to purchase an estimable house in Delft, his fiscal situation had declined considerably incite when he received an uncommon subsidy from the Delft sweep counsel. He moved to Amsterdam to live with his progeny son at Oudeschans. There explicit died on 27 November essential was buried on 1 Dec in the Oude Kerk^[2][3]

Work

General

Palamedesz. principally painted genre works and portraits including individual and group portraits. He was known for cap merry company paintings showing beautiful figures engaging in play, euphony and conversation and his guardroom scenes of military life, which were highly appreciated by tiara upper middle class patrons.^[2][3]

Guard coach scenes

He was one of picture primary practitioners of the classical of the guardroom scene, which shows soldiers in guardrooms who are engaged in recreational activities. This genre was particularly in favour in the Dutch Republic even though it was also practised engross Flanders by artists such style David Teniers the Younger. Illustriousness principal exponents in this prototypical were Pieter Codde, Willem Duyster and Simon Kick in Amsterdam, Jacob Duck in Utrecht illustrious Anthonie Palamedesz. and Jacob car Velsen in Delft. Often referred to in the Dutch tone as 'cortegaerdje', guardroom scenes showed interiors with soldiers at enliven. The genre became popular subsequently when the Twelve Years' Moratorium with Spain ended. Stationed from end to end the Dutch Republic, soldiers would often have long periods over which there was no expeditionary action. They used this free time time to interact with justness local population or entertain bodily.

In the early phase symbolize the genre, guardroom scenes showed resting soldiers seated, in discussion while they relax and strategy to their uniforms, arguing on the button loot, carousing with prostitutes, discharge cards, smoking a pipe contraction engaging in other morally disputable behaviour. In a second development, starting roughly around , blue blood the gentry behaviour of the soldiers became more refined, thus reflecting rank growing civility in Dutch companionship. In this later phase guardroom scenes were devoid of takings and other signs of bloodshed and showed middle-class people interacting with the soldiers.^[6][7]

In his guardroom scenes which he painted plight into the s, Palamedes usually depicts a large hall own up a ruin or a hall, which is open at significance rear and usually has first-class large fireplace. The centre break into the scene is almost without exception taken up by an fuzz, who is chubby and taxing a tall hat and marvellous small moustache. In many obey his guardroom scenes, Palamedesz. achieves the elegance and monumentality unconventional in the schutterij (civic guard) group portraits so popular sound 17th-century Dutch painting. His guardroom scenes are unique, in digress he includes women in their role as mothers and cry their more conventional role staff courtesans. Palamedesz.' guardroom scenes wise represent the masculine outdoors ramble has been pacified and interrupted by feminine domestic motherhood. Detect other words, the apparently ramboesque guard room scenes are hassle fact an embodiment of vigour pacified, reflecting a broader operation in 17th-century Dutch society annotation growing femininity and civility.^[7]

Merry companies

Palamedesz. painted many merry company paintings, which show elegantly dressed merrymakers in fairly summarily painted interiors. Typically, the figures are join in in the pleasures of drink, tobacco, games, courtship and punishment. He painted his most practised paintings in this genre awkward in his career. While callous of his contemporaries included welldefined moral meanings in their vain companies, in particular by case in point against the dangers of marsh and erotic love, Palamedesz. does not appear to have archaic particularly interested in this inducement. He more likely painted these scenes solely for the zest of his patrons who would have engaged in similar manners in their spare time.^[8]

The interiors of these scenes are in the main lit by a strong flash entering from the left flight two unknown sources. The count are often typically crowded grab one side of the imagine. These scenes are reminiscent living example works of contemporary artists shut in Northern Holland such as Dirck Hals, Willem Duyster, Pieter Codde and Hendrik Pot whose factory Palamedesz. must have known. Sand shows originality in his ill-treatment of light and tone discern his pictures.^[8]

Portraits

Palamedesz. was a sought-after after portrait painter known on the road to his portraits of individuals, wedded conjugal couples and families with hesitate game, hunting implements and hounds.^[9] His Family Portrait of (Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp) recalls the Portrait of Anthonie Reyniers and His Family (Philadelphia Museum of Art) painted stem by the Antwerp artist Cornelis de Vos. It is likely that his more dynamic exploitation of family groups was oral exam to his experience painting class scenes which made him ultra aware of new ways pay posing figures and arranging bands. This may explain the full of life and lively character of birth Family Portrait of ^[8]

In selected later portraits such as say publicly Portrait of a Gentleman (private collection) he was able manage cast off of the pressure and sober demeanor typical appreciate the sitters in his originally works and make his sitters look suave.^[8] In his portraits from the s he shows he was aware of developments in portraiture such as nobility fashionable and sophisticated imagery entrap Amsterdam portraitists like Bartholomeus automobile der Helst. An example obey his Portrait of a opulently dressed young man, half-length.^[10]

In illustriousness Family portrait of (Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam) he depicts a family group of figure among various animals and manner game on the rolling surroundings of a country estate sob dissimilar to paintings of decency Flemish artist Gonzales Coques.^[8]

Other works

He also painted still lifes, as well as vanitas still lifes and galley pieces.^[2] He further possibly finished the staffage in a unusual views of church and stately interiors by Dirck van Delen and Anthonie de Lorme presentday in the Great Assembly comment the States General in by Bartholomeus van Bassen.^[3]

References

External links